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LORBRENA (lorlatinib)
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LORBRENA Quick Finder
1 Health Professional Information
1 INDICATIONS
LORBRENA (lorlatinib) is indicated as:
- monotherapy for the first-line treatment of adult patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive locally advanced (not amenable to curative therapy) or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
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monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed on: crizotinib and at least one other ALK inhibitor, or patients who have progressed on ceritinib or alectinib.
The marketing authorization with conditions was based on a primary efficacy endpoint of tumor objective response rate and duration of response; no overall survival benefit has been demonstrated (see 14 CLINICAL TRIALS).
1.1 Pediatrics
Pediatrics (<18 years of age): No data are available to Health Canada; therefore, Health Canada has not authorized an indication for pediatric use.
1.2 Geriatrics
Geriatrics (≥ 65 years of age): Of the patients in Study B7461001 (N=295) and Study B7461006 (N=149) who received 100 mg LORBRENA orally once daily, 54 (18%) and 59 (40%), respectively, were aged 65 years or older. No clinically important differences in safety or efficacy were observed between patients aged 65 years or older and younger patients (see 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
2 Contraindications
- LORBRENA (lorlatinib) is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to this drug or to any ingredient in the formulation, including any non-medicinal ingredient, or component of the container. For a complete listing, see 6 DOSAGE FORMS, STRENGTHS, COMPOSITION AND PACKAGING.
- Concomitant use of strong CYP3A inducers with LORBRENA is contraindicated due to the potential for serious hepatoxicity (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] elevations (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and 9 DRUG INTERACTIONS).
3 Serious Warnings And Precautions Box
Serious Warnings and Precautions
- Hypercholesterolemia / Hypertriglyceridemia (see 7 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Metabolism and Endocrine, Hyperlipidemia)
- Pneumonitis (see 7 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Respiratory, ILD/Pneumonitis)
- Hepatotoxicity (see 7 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, General, Drug-Drug Interactions, Risk of Serious Hepatotoxicity with Concomitant Use of Strong CYP3A Inducers)
LORBRENA should only be prescribed and supervised by a qualified physician experienced in the use of antineoplastic agents.
4 Dosage And Administration
4.1 Dosing Considerations
- Strong cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A inhibitors: Concurrent use of LORBRENA (lorlatinib) with strong CYP3A inhibitors may increase lorlatinib plasma concentrations. Concomitant use of LORBRENA with strong CYP3A inhibitors should be avoided. An alternative concomitant medicinal product with less potential to inhibit CYP3A should be considered (see 9 DRUG INTERACTIONS). If a strong CYP3A inhibitor must be co administered concomitantly, the LORBRENA dose of 100 mg once daily should be reduced to once daily 75 mg dose (see 9 DRUG INTERACTIONS and 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). If concurrent use of a strong CYP3A inhibitor is discontinued, LORBRENA should be resumed at the dose used prior to the initiation of the strong CYP3A inhibitor and after a washout period of 3 to 5 half lives of the CYP3A inhibitor.
- Dosing modification for Fluconazole: Avoid concomitant use of LORBRENA with fluconazole, based on Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) simulation. If concomitant use is unavoidable, reduce the starting dose of LORBRENA to 75 mg once daily.
- Strong CYP3A inducers: LORBRENA is contraindicated in patients taking strong CYP3A inducers. Discontinue strong CYP3A inducers for 3 plasma half-lives of the strong CYP3A inducer prior to initiating LORBRENA.
- Moderate CYP3A inducers: Avoid concomitant use with moderate CYP3A inducers as they may reduce lorlatinib plasma concentrations. If concomitant use is unavoidable, increase the starting dose of LORBRENA to 125 mg once daily.
- Hepatic impairment: A formal hepatic impairment study has not been conducted with lorlatinib. No dose adjustments are recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment. Limited information is available for LORBRENA in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (see 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
- Renal impairment: No dose adjustment is needed for patients with mild or moderate impairment [absolute estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 30 mL/min). Reduce the dose when administering LORBRENA in patients with severe renal impairment (absolute eGFR < 30 mL/min) from 100 mg to 75 mg orally once daily (see 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). Lorlatinb is not recommended for patients requiring hemodialysis as information for use in these patients is very limited.
4.2 Recommended Dose and Dosage Adjustment
Recommended Dose:
The recommended dose of LORBRENA is 100 mg taken orally once daily continuously. Continue treatment with LORBRENA until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
LORBRENA may be taken with or without food (see 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
Pediatric patients (<8 years):
The safety and efficacy of LORBRENA in pediatric patients have not been established. Health Canada has not authorized an indication for pediatric use.
Geriatrics (≥ 65 years):
No clinically important differences in safety or efficacy were observed between patients aged 65 years or older and younger patients (see 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
Dose Modifications:
Dosing interruption and/or dose reduction may be required based on individual safety and tolerability. Dose reduction levels are summarized below.
- First dose reduction: LORBRENA 75 mg taken orally once daily
- Second dose reduction: LORBRENA 50 mg taken orally once daily
LORBRENA should be permanently discontinued if the patient is unable to tolerate LORBRENA 50 mg taken orally once daily.
Dose modification recommendations for toxicities are provided in Table 1. Dose modification recommendations for patients who develop first-degree, second-degree, or complete atrioventricular (AV) block are provided in Table 2.
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Adverse Reaction |
LORBRENA Dosing |
|---|---|
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Hypercholesterolemia or Hypertriglyceridemia |
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Mild hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol between ULN and 300 mg/dL or between ULN and 7.75 mmol/L) OR Mild hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides between 150 and 300 mg/dL or 1.71 and 3.42 mmol/L) |
Introduce or modify lipid-lowering therapya in accordance with respective prescribing information; continue LORBRENA at same dose. |
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Moderate hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol between 301 and 400 mg/dL or between 7.76 and 10.34 mmol/L) OR Moderate hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides between 301 and 500 mg/dL or 3.43 and 5.7 mmol/L) |
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Severe hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol between 401 and 500 mg/dL or between 10.35 and 12.92 mmol/L) OR Severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides between 501 and 1000 mg/dL or 5.71 and 11.4 mmol/L) |
Introduce the use of lipid-lowering therapy;a if currently on lipid-lowering therapy, increase the dose of this therapya in accordance with respective prescribing information; or change to a new lipid‑lowering therapy. Continue LORBRENA at the same dose without interruption. |
|
Grade 4 hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol over 500 mg/dL or over 12.92 mmol/L) OR Grade 4 hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides over 1000 mg/dL or over 11.4 mmol/L) |
Introduce the use of lipid-lowering therapya or increase the dose of this therapya in accordance with respective prescribing information or change to a new lipid‑lowering therapy. Withhold LORBRENA until recovery of hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia to moderate or mild severity grade. Re-challenge at same LORBRENA dose while maximizing lipid‑lowering therapya in accordance with respective prescribing information. If severe hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia recurs despite maximal lipid‑lowering therapya in accordance with respective prescribing information, reduce LORBRENA by 1 dose level. |
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Central nervous system (CNS) effectsb,c |
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Grade 1: Mild |
Continue at the same dose or withhold dose until recovery to baseline. Then resume LORBRENA at the same dose or reduce by 1 dose level. |
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Grade 2: Moderate OR Grade 3: Severe |
Withhold dose until toxicity is less than or equal to Grade 1. Then resume LORBRENA at 1 reduced dose level. |
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Grade 4: Life-threatening/Urgent intervention indicated |
Permanently discontinue LORBRENA. |
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Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)/Pneumonitis |
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Any Grade treatment–related ILD/Pneumonitis |
Permanently discontinue LORBRENA. |
| Hypertension | |
| Grade 3 (SBP greater than or equal to 160 mmHg or DBP greater than or equal to 100 mmHg; medical intervention indicated; more than one antihypertensive drug, or more intensive therapy than previously used indicated) |
Withhold LORBRENA until hypertension has recovered to Grade 1 or less (SBP less than 140 mmHg and DBP less than 90 mmHg), then resume LORBRENA at the same dose. If Grade 3 hypertension recurs, withhold LORBRENA until recovery to Grade 1 or less, and resume at a reduced dose. If adequate hypertension control cannot be achieved with optimal medical management, permanently discontinue LORBRENA. |
| Grade 4 (life-threatening consequences, urgent intervention indicated) |
Withhold LORBRENA until recovery to Grade 1 or less, and resume at a reduced dose or permanently discontinue LORBRENA. If Grade 4 hypertension recurs, permanently discontinue LORBRENA. |
| Hyperglycemia | |
| Grade 3 (greater than 250 mg/dL) despite optimal anti-hyperglycemic therapy OR Grade 4 |
Withhold LORBRENA until hyperglycemia is adequately controlled, then resume LORBRENA at the next lower dosage. If adequate hyperglycemic control cannot be achieved with optimal medical management, permanently discontinue LORBRENA. |
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Other adverse reactionsc |
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Grade 1 OR Grade 2 |
Consider no dose modification or reduce by 1 dose level, as clinically indicated. |
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Greater than or equal to Grade 3 |
Withhold LORBRENA until symptoms resolve to less than or equal to Grade 2 or baseline. Then resume LORBRENA at 1 reduced dose level. |
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Event |
LORBRENA Dosing |
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|---|---|---|
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Asymptomatic |
Symptomatic |
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First-degree AV block |
Continue LORBRENA at the same dose without interruption. Assess concomitant medications and electrolyte imbalance that may prolong PR interval. Monitor ECG/symptoms potentially related to AV block closely. |
Withhold LORBRENA. Assess concomitant medications and electrolyte imbalance that may prolong PR interval. Monitor ECG/symptoms potentially related to AV block closely. If symptoms resolve, resume LORBRENA at same dose or at 1 reduced dose level. |
|
Second-degree AV block |
Withhold LORBRENA. Assess concomitant medications and electrolyte imbalance that may prolong PR interval. Monitor ECG/symptoms potentially related to AV block closely. If subsequent ECG does not show second‑degree block, resume LORBRENA at same dose or 1 reduced dose level. |
Withhold LORBRENA. Assess concomitant medications and electrolyte imbalance that may prolong PR interval. Refer for cardiac observation and monitoring. Consider pacemaker placement if symptomatic AV block persists. If symptoms and the second‑degree block resolve or if patients revert to asymptomatic first‑degree AV block, resume LORBRENA at 1 reduced dose level. |
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Complete AV Block |
Withhold LORBRENA dose. Assess concomitant medications and electrolyte imbalance that may prolong PR interval. Refer for cardiac observation and monitoring. Temporary pacemaker placement may be indicated for severe symptoms associated with AV block. If AV block does not resolve, placement of a permanent pacemaker may be considered. If pacemaker placed, may resume LORBRENA at full dose. If no pacemaker placed, resume LORBRENA at 1 reduced dose level only when symptoms resolve AND PR interval is less than 200 msec. |
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4.4 Administration
Patients should be encouraged to take their dose of LORBRENA at approximately the same time each day. Tablets should be swallowed whole (tablets should not be chewed, crushed or split prior to swallowing). No tablet should be ingested if it is broken, cracked, or otherwise not intact.
4.5 Missed Dose
If a dose of LORBRENA is missed, then it should be taken as soon as the patient remembers unless it is less than 4 hours before the next dose, in which case the patient should not take the missed dose. Patients should not take 2 doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose.
5 Overdosage
There is no known antidote for LORBRENA (lorlatinib). The treatment of LORBRENA overdose should consist of general supportive measures. Given the dose‑dependent effect on PR interval, ECG monitoring is recommended.
For management of a suspected drug overdose, contact your regional poison control centre.
6 Dosage Forms, Strengths, Composition And Packaging
Route of Administration | Dosage Form / Strength/Composition | Non-medicinal Ingredients |
Oral | Film-coated tablet 25 mg, 100 mg | Tablet core contains: dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate Film-coating contains: ferrosofferic oxide/Black iron oxide, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 2910/hypromellose, iron oxide red, lactose monohydrate, macrogol/polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350, titanium dioxide, triacetin |
Description
25 mg: 8 mm round tan immediate release film-coated tablet, debossed with “Pfizer” on one side and “25” and “LLN” on the other side.
100 mg: oval (17 x 8.5 mm) lavender immediate release film-coated tablet, debossed with “Pfizer” on one side and “LLN 100” on the other side.
Packaging: LORBRENA is supplied as follows:
25 mg
- high density polyethylene bottles containing 30, 60, or 100 tablets
- aluminum foil blisters with aluminum foil backing containing 120 tablets (12 cards of 10 tablets)
100 mg
- high density polyethylene bottles containing 30, 60, or 100 tablets
- aluminum foil blisters with aluminum foil backing containing 30 tablets (3 cards of 10 tablets)
7 Warnings And Precautions
Please see 3 SERIOUS WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS BOX.
General
Patients treated with LORBRENA (lorlatinib) must have a documented ALK-positive status based on a validated ALK assay. Assessment of ALK-positive NSCLC should be performed by laboratories with demonstrated proficiency in the specific technology being utilized.
Drug-Drug Interactions
Risk of Serious Hepatotoxicity with Concomitant Use of Strong CYP3A Inducers
Severe hepatotoxicity occurred in 10 of 12 healthy subjects receiving a single dose of LORBRENA with multiple daily doses of rifampin, a strong CYP3A inducer. Grade 4 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevations occurred in 6 subjects (50%), Grade 3 ALT or AST elevations occurred in 4 subjects (33%) and Grade 2 ALT or AST elevations occurred in 1 subject (8%). ALT or AST elevations occurred within 3 days and returned to within normal limits after a median of 15 days (7 to 34 days); the median time to recovery was 18 days in subjects with Grade 3 or 4 ALT or AST elevations and 7 days in subjects with Grade 2 ALT or AST elevations.
No clinically meaningful changes in liver function tests were seen in healthy subjects after receiving a combination of lorlatinib with the moderate CYP3A inducer modafinil (see 9 DRUG INTERACTIONS and 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis
Please see 16 NON-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY.
Cardiovascular
Atrioventricular (AV) Block
PR interval prolongation and atrioventricular (AV) block events have been reported in patients receiving LORBRENA. In 476 patients who received 100 mg LORBRENA daily in Study B7461001 (n=327) and Study B7461006 (n=149) and who had a baseline electrocardiography (ECG), 9 patients (1.9%) experienced AV block and 1 patient (0.2%) experienced Grade 3 AV block and underwent pacemaker placement (see 10.2 Pharmacodynamics).
For those patients who develop AV block, dose modification may be required (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Hypertension
Hypertension can occur in patients receiving LORBRENA (see 8 ADVERSE REACTIONS). Hypertension occurred in 62 patients (13%) who received 100 mg LORBRENA once daily in Study B7461001 and Study B7461006, including Grade 3 or 4 in 29 patients (6.1%). The median time to onset of hypertension was 6.4 months (1 day to 2.8 years), and 11 patients (2.3%) temporarily discontinued LORBRENA for hypertension.
Withhold and resume at a reduced dose or permanently discontinue LORBRENA based on severity (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Driving and Operating Machinery
LORBRENA has moderate influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Caution should be exercised when driving or operating machines as patients may experience central nervous system effects (see 8.2 Clinical Trial Adverse Reactions, Nervous System Disorders).
Endocrine and Metabolism
Hyperlipidemia
The use of LORBRENA has been associated with increases in serum cholesterol and triglycerides (see 8 ADVERSE REACTIONS). Grade 3 or 4 elevations in total cholesterol occurred in 87 patients (18%) and Grade 3 or 4 elevations in triglycerides occurred in 92 patients (19%) of the 476 patients who received 100 mg LORBRENA once daily in Study B7461001 (n=327) and in Study B7461006 (n=149). The median time to onset for both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was 15 days. The median duration of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was 451 and 427 days, respectively. No patient was permanently discontinued from treatment with lorlatinib associated with hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia. Eighteen (4%) and 33 (7%) patients required temporary discontinuation and 6 (1%) and 13 (3%) patients required dose reduction of LORBRENA for elevations in cholesterol and in triglycerides in Study B7461001 and Study B7461006, respectively. Three hundred ninety‑seven patients (83%) required initiation of lipid-lowering medications, with a median time to onset of start of such medications of 17 days.
Initiation, or increase in the dose, of lipid-lowering agents is recommended (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia can occur in patients receiving LORBRENA (see 8 ADVERSE REACTIONS). Hyperglycemia occurred in 44 patients (9.2%) who received 100 mg LORBRENA once daily in Study B7461001 and Study B7461006, including Grade 3 or 4 in 15 patients (3.2%). The median time to onset of hyperglycemia was 4.8 months (1 day to 2.9 years), and 0.8% of patients temporarily discontinued LORBRENA for hyperglycemia.
Withhold and resume at a reduced dose or permanently discontinue LORBRENA based on severity (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Monitoring and Laboratory Tests
ALK Testing
Patients treated with LORBRENA must have a documented ALK-positive status based on a validated ALK assay. Assessment of ALK-positive NSCLC should be performed by laboratories with demonstrated proficiency in the specific technology being utilized.
Liver Function Tests
No clinically meaningful changes in liver function tests were seen in healthy subjects after receiving a combination of lorlatinib with the moderate CYP3A inducer modafinil (see 9 DRUG INTERACTIONS and 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
Pancreatic enzymes - Lipase and amylase increase
Patients should be monitored for lipase and amylase elevations prior to the start of LORBRENA treatment and periodically thereafter as clinically indicated.
ECG Monitoring
Monitor ECG prior to initiating LORBRENA and monthly thereafter, particularly in patients with predisposing conditions to the occurrence of clinically significant cardiac events (see 7 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Cardiovascular; 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Hypertension
Control blood pressure prior to initiation of LORBRENA. Monitor blood pressure after 2 weeks and at least monthly thereafter during treatment with LORBRENA. Withhold and resume at a reduced dose or permanently discontinue LORBRENA based on severity (see 7 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Hypertension, 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Hyperlipidemia
Monitor serum cholesterol and triglycerides before initiating LORBRENA, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, after initiating LORBRENA, and periodically thereafter. Withhold and resume at the same dose for the first occurrence: resume at the same or a reduced dose of LORBRENA for recurrence based on severity (see 7 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Endocrine and Metabolism; 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION; 8.2 Clinical Trial Adverse Reactions).
Hyperglycemia
Assess fasting serum glucose prior to initiation of LORBRENA and monitor periodically thereafter (see 7 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Endocrine and Metabolism; 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION)
Neurologic
Central Nervous System Effects
Central nervous system (CNS) effects have been observed in patients receiving LORBRENA (see 8.2 Clinical Trial Adverse Reactions). These include seizures, psychotic effects and changes in cognitive function, mood (including suicidal ideation), speech, mental status, and sleep. Overall, CNS effects occurred in 246 (52%) of the 476 patients who received 100 mg LORBRENA once daily in clinical trials (see 8.2 Clinical Trial Adverse Reactions). Cognitive effects occurred in 132 (28%) of the 476 patients; in 14 patients (2.9%) these events were severe (Grade 3 or 4). Mood effects occurred in 102 patients (21%); in 8 patients (1.7%) these events were severe. Speech effects occurred in 50 patients (11%); in 3 patients (0.6%) these events were severe. Psychotic effects occurred in 33 patients (7%); in 3 patients (0.6%) these events were severe. Mental status changes occurred in 6 patients (1.3%); in 5 patients (1.1%) these events were severe. Seizures occurred in 9 patients (1.9%) patients, sometimes in conjunction with other neurologic findings. Sleep effects occurred in 55 patients (12%). The median time to first onset of any CNS effect was 1.4 months (1 day to 3.4 years). Overall, 10 patients (2.1%) required permanent discontinuation of LORBRENA for a CNS effect; 46 patients (10%) required temporary discontinuation and 36 patients (8%) required dose reduction.
Dose modification may be required for those patients who develop CNS effects. Permanent discontinuation of LORBRENA is recommended in patients diagnosed with Grade 4 CNS effects (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Reproductive Health: Female and Male Potential
Women of childbearing potential should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant while receiving LORBRENA. A highly effective non-hormonal method of contraception is required for female patients during treatment with LORBRENA because lorlatinib can render hormonal contraceptives ineffective (see 9 DRUG INTERACTIONS). If a hormonal method of contraception is unavoidable, then a condom must be used in combination with the hormonal method. Effective contraception must be continued for at least 21 days after completing therapy.
During treatment with LORBRENA and for at least 97 days after the final dose, advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception, including a condom, and advise male patients with pregnant partners to use condoms.
- Fertility
Based on nonclinical safety findings, male and female fertility may be compromised during treatment with LORBRENA (see 16 NON-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY). It is not known whether LORBRENA affects female fertility. Men should seek advice on effective fertility preservation before treatment.
Respiratory
ILD/Pneumonitis
Severe or life-threatening pulmonary adverse reactions consistent with pneumonitis have occurred with LORBRENA. Pneumonitis occurred in 9 patients (1.9%) who received 100 mg LORBRENA once daily in Study B7461001 (n=327) and in Study B7461006 (n=149), including Grade 3 or 4 pneumonitis in 3 patients (0.6%). Four patients (0.8%) discontinued LORBRENA for ILD/pneumonitis.
Promptly investigate for ILD/pneumonitis in any patient who presents with worsening of respiratory symptoms indicative of ILD/pneumonitis (e.g., dyspnea, cough, and fever). Immediately withhold LORBRENA in patients with suspected ILD/pneumonitis. Permanently discontinue LORBRENA for treatment-related ILD/pneumonitis of any severity (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
7.1 Special Populations
7.1.1 Pregnant Women
Studies in animals have shown embryo-fetal toxicity (see 16 NON-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY). There are no data in pregnant women using LORBRENA. LORBRENA may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
LORBRENA is not recommended during pregnancy or for women of childbearing potential not using contraception.
7.1.2 Breast-feeding
It is not known whether lorlatinib and its metabolites are excreted in human milk. A risk to the newborn child cannot be excluded.
LORBRENA should not be used during breast-feeding. Breast-feeding should be discontinued during treatment with LORBRENA and for 7 days after the last dose.
7.1.3 Pediatrics
Pediatrics (<18 years of age): No data are available to Health Canada; therefore, Health Canada has not authorized an indication for pediatric use.
7.1.4 Geriatrics
Among patients from Study B7461001 who received 100 mg LORBRENA orally once daily (n=295), 241 patients were < 65 years and 54 patients were ≥65 years. Among patients from Study B7461006 who received 100 mg LORBRENA orally once daily (n=149), 90 patients were < 65 years and 59 patients were ≥65 years. The following adverse events were more frequently reported in patients ≥65 years: cognitive effects, dyspnea, fatigue, arthralgia, diarrhea, anemia, myalgia, vomiting, back pain and rash. The limited data on the safety and efficacy of LORBRENA in patients aged 65 years and older do not suggest that a dose adjustment is required in elderly patients (see 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). No clinically relevant differences in safety or efficacy were observed between patients aged greater than or equal to 65 years and younger patients.
8 Adverse Reactions
8.1 Adverse Reaction Overview
The pooled safety population described in the 7 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS section reflects exposure to LORBRENA in 476 patients who received 100 mg LORBRENA once daily in Study B7461001 (N=327) and Study B7461006 (N=149). Among 476 patients who received LORBRENA, 75% were exposed for 6 months or longer and 61% were exposed for greater than 1 year. In this pooled safety population, the most frequent adverse reactions in ≥ 20% of 476 patients who received LORBRENA were edema (56%), peripheral neuropathy (44%), weight gain (31%), cognitive effects (28%), fatigue (27%), dyspnea (27%), arthralgia (24%), diarrhea (23%), mood effects (21%), and cough (21%). Temporary discontinuation occurred 245 (51.5%) of patients, dose reduction occurred in 117 (24.6%) of patients, and permanent discontinuation occurred in 44 (9.2%) of patients. The most frequent Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities in ≥ 20% of 476 patients who received LORBRENA were hypercholesterolemia (21%) and hypertriglyceridemia (21%).
Previously Untreated ALK-Positive Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (Phase 3 Study B7461006)
The safety of LORBRENA was evaluated in 149 patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in randomized, open-label, active-controlled Phase 3 Study B7461006. The median duration of exposure to LORBRENA was 16.7 months (4 days to 34.3 months) and 76% received LORBRENA for at least 12 months. Patient characteristics were: median age of 59 years (47 to 68 years), age ≥65 years (35%), female (59%), White (49%), Asian (44%), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1 (96%).
The most frequent (≥20%) adverse reactions reported in patients treated with LORBRENA were edema, weight gain, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive effects, diarrhea, and dyspnea. Of the worsening laboratory values, the most frequent (≥30%) were hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased creatinine, increased gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), increased AST, hyperglycemia, increased ALT, increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK), hypoalbuminemia, and anemia.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 51 (34%) of the 149 patients treated with LORBRENA; the most frequently reported serious adverse reactions were pneumonia in 7 patients (4.7%), dyspnea in 4 patients (2.7%), respiratory failure in 4 patients (2.7%), cognitive effects in 3 patients (2.0%), and pyrexia in 3 patients (2.0%).
Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 7 (4.7%) of patients treated with LORBRENA and included pneumonia in 1 patient (0.7%), respiratory failure in 1 patient (0.7%), cardiac failure acute in 1 patient (0.7%), disease progression in 1 patient (0.7%), lung neoplasm malignant in 1 patient (0.7%), pulmonary embolism in 1 patient (0.7%), and death in 1 patient (0.7%).
Permanent discontinuation of LORBRENA due to adverse reactions occurred in 10 (6.7%) patients. The most frequent adverse reactions that led to permanent discontinuation of LORBRENA was cognitive effects in 2 patients (1.3%). Dose interruption was required in 73 (49%) patients treated with LORBRENA. The most frequent adverse reactions that led to dose interruptions of LORBRENA were hypertriglyceridemia in 11 patients (7.4%), edema in 8 patients (5.4%), pneumonia in 7 patients (4.7%), cognitive effects in 6 patients (4.0%), hypercholesterolemia in 5 patients (3.4%), and mood effects in 5 patients (3.4%). At least 1 dose reduction due to adverse reactions was required in 31 (21%) patients. The most frequent adverse reactions that led to dose reductions were edema in 8 patients (5.4%), hypertriglyceridemia in 6 patients (4.0%), and peripheral neuropathy in 5 patients (3.4%).
Previously Treated ALK-Positive Metastatic NSCLC (Phase 1/2 Study B7461001)
The data from B7461001 described below reflect exposure to LORBRENA in 295 adult patients with ALK positive or ROS1 positive metastatic NSCLC who received LORBRENA 100 mg orally once daily in Study B7461001. The majority of subjects (232 subjects, 78.6%) had been previously treated with 1 or more ALK or ROS1 TKIs.
The median duration of treatment was 12.5 months (range: 1 day to 35 months), the median age was 53 years (range: 19 to 85 years), and 18% of patients were older than 65 years. A total of 170 patients (58%) were female, 145 patients (49%) were White, and 108 patients (37%) were Asian.
The most frequent (≥ 20%) adverse reactions were edema, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive effects, dyspnea, fatigue, weight increased, arthralgia, mood effects and diarrhea.
Of the worsening laboratory values occurring in ≥ 20% of patients, the most frequent were hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, anemia, hyperglycemia, increased AST, hypoalbuminemia, increased ALT, lipase increased, and increased alkaline phosphatase.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 95 (32%) of the 295 patients; the most frequently reported serious adverse reactions were pneumonia in 10 patients (3.4%), dyspnea in 8 patients (2.7%), pyrexia in 6 patients (2%), mental status changes in 4 patients (1.4%), and respiratory failure in 4 patients (1.4%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 8 patients (2.7%) and included pneumonia in 2 patients (0.7%), myocardial infarction in 2 patients (0.7%), acute pulmonary edema in 1 patient (0.3%), embolism in 1 patient (0.3%), peripheral artery occlusion in 1 patient (0.3%), and respiratory distress in 1 patient (0.3%). Permanent discontinuation of LORBRENA for adverse reactions occurred in 23 patients (8%).
The most frequent adverse reactions that led to permanent discontinuation were respiratory failure in 4 patients (1.4%), dyspnea in 2 patients (0.7%), myocardial infarction in 2 patients (0.7%), cognitive effects in 2 patients (0.7%) and mood effects in 2 patients (0.7%). Dose interruption was required in 142 patients (48%). The most frequent adverse reactions that led to dose interruptions were edema in 20 patients (7%), hypertriglyceridemia in 17 patients (6%), peripheral neuropathy in 15 patients (5%), cognitive effects in 13 patients (4.4%), increased lipase in 11 patients (3.7%), hypercholesterolemia in 10 patients (3.4%), mood effects in 9 patients (3.1%), dyspnea in 8 patients (2.7%), pneumonia in 8 patients (2.7%), and hypertension in 6 patients (2.0%). At least 1 dose reduction due to adverse reactions was required in 71 patients (24%). The most frequent adverse reactions that led to dose reductions were edema in 18 patients (6%), peripheral neuropathy in 14 patients (4.7%), cognitive effects in 12 patients (4.1%), and mood effects in 9 patients (3.1%).
8.2 Clinical Trial Adverse Reactions
Clinical trials are conducted under very specific conditions. The adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials; therefore, may not reflect the rates observed in practice and should not be compared to the rates in the clinical trials of another drug. Adverse reaction information from clinical trials may be useful in identifying and approximating rates of adverse drug reactions in real-world use.
Table 3 summarizes the most frequent adverse reactions in patients treated with LORBRENA in the Phase 3 study.
|
||||
|
Adverse Reaction |
LORBRENA n=149 |
Crizotinib n=142 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All Grades n (%) |
Grade 3 or 4 n (%) |
All Grades n (%) |
Grade 3 or 4 n (%) |
|
|
Psychiatric |
|
|
|
|
| Mood effects a | 24 (16.1) | 2 (1.3) | 7 (4.9) | 0 |
|
Nervous system |
|
|
|
|
| Peripheral neuropathy b | 50 (33.6) | 3 (2.0) | 21 (14.8) | 1 (0.7) |
| Cognitive effects c | 32 (21.5) | 3 (2.0) | 8 (5.6) | 0 |
| Headache | 25 (16.8) | 0 | 25 (17.6) | 1 (0.7) |
| Dizziness | 16 (10.7) | 0 | 20 (14.1) | 0 |
| Sleep effects d | 17 (11.4) | 2 (1.3) | 14 (9.9) | 0 |
|
Respiratory |
|
|
|
|
| Dyspnea | 30 (20.1) | 4 (2.7) | 23 (16.2) | 3 (2.1) |
| Cough | 24 (16.1) | 0 | 26 (18.3) | 0 |
| Respiratory failure | 4 (2.7) | 3 (2.0) | 0 | 0 |
|
Vascular disorders |
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension | 27 (18.1) | 15 (10.1) | 3 (2.1) | 0 |
|
Ocular |
|
|
|
|
| Vision disorder e | 27 (18.1) | 0 | 56 (39.4) | 1 (0.7) |
|
Gastrointestinal |
|
|
|
|
| Diarrhea | 32 (21.5) | 2 (1.3) | 74 (52.1) | 1 (0.7) |
| Nausea | 22 (14.8) | 1 (0.7) | 74 (52.1) | 3 (2.1) |
| Constipation | 26 (17.4) | 0 | 42 (29.6) | 1 (0.7) |
| Vomiting | 19 (12.8) | 1 (0.7) | 55 (38.7) | 2 (1.4) |
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue |
|
|
|
|
| Arthralgia | 28 (18.8) | 1 (0.7) | 16 (11.3) | 0 |
| Myalgia f | 23 (15.4) | 1 (0.7) | 10 (7.0) | 0 |
| Back pain | 22 (14.8) | 1 (0.7) | 16 (11.3) | 0 |
| Pain in extremity | 26 (17.4) | 0 | 12 (8.5) | 0 |
|
General |
|
|
|
|
| Edema g | 83 (55.7) | 6 (4.0) | 57 (40.1) | 2 (1.4) |
| Weight gain | 57 (38.3) | 25 (16.8) | 18 (12.7) | 3 (2.1) |
| Fatigue h | 29 (19.5) | 2 (1.3) | 46 (32.4) | 4 (2.8) |
| Pyrexia | 25 (16.8) | 2 (1.3) | 18 (12.7) | 2 (1.4) |
| Chest pain | 16 (10.7) | 2 (1.3) | 20 (14.1) | 1 (0.7) |
|
Infections |
|
|
|
|
| Upper respiratory tract infection i | 17 (11.4) | 1 (0.7) | 11 (7.7) | 2 (1.4) |
| Pneumonia | 11 (7.4) | 3 (2.0) | 12 (8.5) | 5 (3.5) |
| Bronchitis | 10 (6.7) | 3 (2.0) | 3 (2.1) | 0 |
| Skin | ||||
|
Rash j |
17 (11.4) |
0 |
12 (8.5) |
0 |
Table 4 summarizes the most frequent adverse reactions in patients treated with LORBRENA in the Phase 1/2 Study B7461001.
|
||
|
Adverse Reaction |
LORBRENA (N=295) |
|
|---|---|---|
|
All Grades n (%) |
Grade 3-4 n (%) |
|
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
|
|
| Hypercholesterolemiaa | 249 (84.4) | 49 (16.6) |
| Hypertriglyceridemiab | 197 (66.8) | 48 (16.3) |
| Psychiatric disorders | ||
|
Mood effectsc |
65 (22.0) |
5 (1.7) |
|
Nervous system disorders |
||
|
Peripheral neuropathyd |
140 (47.5) |
8 (2.7) |
| Cognitive effectse | 80 (27.1) | 6 (2.0) |
| Headache | 52 (17.6) | 2 (0.7) |
| Dizziness | 48 (16.3) | 2 (0.7) |
| Speech effectsf | 34 (11.5) | 1 (0.3) |
| Sleep effectsg | 29 (9.8) | 0 |
|
Respiratory |
|
|
| Dyspnea | 79 (26.8) | 16 (5.4) |
| Cough | 54 (18.3) | 0 |
|
Eye disorders |
|
|
| Vision disorderh | 43 (14.6) | 1 (0.3) |
|
Gastrointestinal disorders |
|
|
| Diarrhea | 64 (21.7) | 2 (0.7) |
| Nausea | 52 (17.6) | 2 (0.7) |
| Constipation | 45 (15.3) | 0 |
| Vomiting | 34 (11.5) | 3 (1.0) |
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
|
|
| Arthralgia | 67 (22.7) | 2 (0.7) |
| Myalgiai | 50 (16.9) | 0 |
| Back pain | 38 (12.9) | 2 (0.7) |
| Pain in extremity | 39 (13.2) | 1 (0.3) |
|
General disorders and administration site conditions |
|
|
| Edemaj | 159 (53.9) | 7 (2.4) |
| Fatiguek | 76 (25.8) | 1 (0.3) |
| Pyrexia | 36 (12.2) | 2 (0.7) |
|
Infections |
|
|
| Upper respiratory tract infectionl | 36 (12.2) | 0 |
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
|
|
| Rashm | 41 (13.9) | 1 (0.3) |
| Investigations | ||
|
Weight increased |
71 (24.1) |
13 (4.4) |
8.2.1 Clinical Trial Adverse Reactions – Pediatrics
Not applicable
8.3 Less Common Clinical Trial Adverse Reactions
In Study B7461006, additional clinically significant adverse reactions occurring at an overall incidence between 1% and 10% in patients treated with LORBRENA included speech effects in 10 patients (6.7%) and psychotic effects in 5 patients (3.4%).
In study B7461001, additional clinically significant adverse reactions occurring at an overall incidence between 1% and 10% in patients treated with LORBRENA included psychotic effects in 21 patients (7%).
8.3.1 Less Common Clinical Trial Adverse Reactions – Pediatrics
Not applicable
8.4 Abnormal Laboratory Findings: Hematologic, Clinical Chemistry and Other Quantitative Data
Clinical Trial Findings
Table 5 summarizes laboratory abnormalities in patients treated with LORBRENA in Phase 3 study B7461006.
|
||||
|
Laboratory Abnormality |
LORBRENA |
Crizotinib |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All Grades |
Grade 3 or 4 |
All Grades |
Grade 3 or 4 |
|
|
Chemistry |
|
|
|
|
| Hypertriglyceridemia a,A | 142 (95) | 33 (22) | 38 (27) | 0 |
| Hypercholesterolemia a,A | 136 (91) | 29 (19) | 17 (12) | 0 |
| Increased creatinine a,A | 121 (81) | 1 (0.7) | 139 (99) | 3 (2.1) |
| Increased GGT a,A | 77 (52) | 9 (6.0) | 58 (41) | 9 (6.4) |
| Increased AST a,A | 71 (48) | 3 (2.0) | 105 (75) | 5 (3.5) |
| Hyperglycemia a,A | 71 (48) | 10 (6.7) | 38 (27) | 3 (2.1) |
| Increased ALT a,A | 65 (44) | 4 (2.7) | 105 (75) | 6 (4.3) |
| Increased CPK a,A | 58 (39) | 3 (2.0) | 90 (64) | 7 (5.0) |
| Hypoalbuminemia a,A | 53 (36) | 1 (0.7) | 86 (61.0) | 9 (6.4) |
| Increased lipase a,A | 42 (28.2) | 11 (7.4) | 48 (34) | 7 (5.0) |
| Increased alkaline phosphatase a,A | 35 (23) | 0 | 70 (50) | 1 (0.7) |
| Hyperkalemia a,A | 32 (21) | 2 (1.3) | 38 (27) | 3 (2.1) |
| Increased amylase b,A | 30 (20) | 2 (1.4) | 45 (32) | 2 (1.4) |
| Hematology | ||||
| Anemia a,A | 72 (48) | 3 (2.0) | 54 (38) | 4 (2.8) |
| Activated PTT c,B | 35 (25) | 0 | 19 (14) | 0 |
| Lymphopenia a,A | 34 (23) | 4 (2.7) | 61 (43) | 8 (5.7) |
|
Thrombocytopenia a,A |
34 (23) |
0 |
10 (7.1) |
1 (0.7) |
Table 6 summarizes laboratory abnormalities in patients treated with LORBRENA in Phase 1/2 Study B7461001.
|
||
|
Laboratory Abnormality |
LORBRENA |
|
|---|---|---|
|
All Grades n (%) |
Grade 3 or 4 n (%) |
|
|
Chemistry |
|
|
| Hypercholesterolemiaa | 279 (96) | 52 (18) |
| Hypertriglyceridemiaa | 262 (90) | 52 (18) |
| Hyperglycemiab | 151 (52) | 15 (5) |
| Increased ASTa | 108 (37) | 6 (2.1) |
| Hypoalbuminemiac | 95 (33) | 3 (1.0) |
| Increased ALTa | 82 (28) | 6 (2.1) |
| Increased lipased | 70 (24) | 28 (10) |
| Increased alkaline phosphatasea | 70 (24) | 3 (1.0) |
| Increased amylasee | 61 (22) | 11 (3.9) |
| Hypophosphatemiaa | 61 (21) | 14 (4.8) |
| Hyperkalemiab | 61 (21) | 3 (1.0) |
| Hypomagnesemiaa | 60 (21) | 0 |
| Hematology | ||
| Anemiab | 152 (52) | 14 (4.8) |
| Thrombocytopeniab | 67 (23) | 1 (0.3) |
|
Lymphopeniaa |
63 (22) |
10 (3.4) |
8.5 Post-Market Adverse Reactions
Not applicable
9 Drug Interactions
9.2 Drug Interactions Overview
In vitro data indicate that LORBRENA (lorlatinib) is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4, with minor contributions from CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, and UGT1A3.
9.4 Drug-Drug Interactions
CYP3A inhibitors
Itraconazole, a strong inhibitor of CYP3A, administered at a dose of 200 mg once daily for 5 days, increased the mean area under the curve (AUC) by 42% and Cmax by 24% of a single 100 mg oral dose of lorlatinib in healthy volunteers. Concomitant administration of lorlatinib with strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., boceprevir, cobicistat, conivaptan, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, telaprevir, troleandomycin, voriconazole, ritonavir, paritaprevir in combination with ritonavir and ombitasvir and/or dasabuvir, and ritonavir in combination with either danoprevir, elvitegravir, indinavir, lopinavir, saquinavir, or tipranavir) may increase lorlatinib plasma concentrations. Grapefruit products may also increase lorlatinib plasma concentrations. Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A inhibitor increased lorlatinib plasma concentrations, which may increase the incidence and severity of adverse reactions of LORBRENA. An alternative concomitant medicinal product with less potential to inhibit CYP3A should be considered. If a strong CYP3A inhibitor must be concomitantly administered, a dose reduction of lorlatinib is recommended (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Based on PBPK simulations, concomitant use of LORBRENA with fluconazole may increase lorlatinib plasma concentrations, which may increase the incidence and severity of adverse reactions of LORBRENA. Avoid concomitant use of LORBRENA with fluconazole. If concomitant use cannot be avoided, reduce the LORBRENA starting dose to 75 mg once daily.
CYP3A inducers
Rifampin, a strong inducer of CYP3A, administered at a dose of 600 mg once daily for 9 days, reduced the mean lorlatinib AUC by 85% and Cmax by 76% of a single 100-mg dose of lorlatinib in healthy volunteers; increases in liver function tests (AST and ALT) were also observed. Concomitant administration of lorlatinib with strong CYP3A inducers (e.g., rifampin, carbamazepine, enzalutamide, mitotane, phenytoin and St. John’s wort) may decrease lorlatinib plasma concentrations. Severe hepatotoxicity occurred in healthy subjects receiving LORBRENA with rifampin, a strong CYP3A inducer. The use of a strong CYP3A inducer with lorlatinib is contraindicated (see 2 CONTRAINDICATIONS and 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Any strong CYP3A inducers have to be discontinued for at least 3 plasma half-lives of the strong CYP3A inducer before lorlatinib treatment is started. No clinically meaningful changes in liver function test results were seen after administration of the combination of a single 100 mg oral dose of lorlatinib with the moderate CYP3A inducer, modafinil (400 mg once daily for 19 days) in healthy volunteers. Concomitant use of lorlatinib with a moderate CYP3A inducer decreased lorlatinib plasma AUC by 23% and decreased Cmax by 22%. (see 10 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). If concomitant use cannot be avoided, increase LORBRENA starting dose to 125 mg once daily.
Proton Pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists, or locally acting antacids
The proton-pump inhibitor rabeprazole had a minimal effect on lorlatinib plasma exposure (90% CI for the AUCinf ratio, expressed as a percentage: 97.6%, 104.3%).
No dose adjustment is required when lorlatinib is taken with proton-pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists, or locally acting antacids.
Drugs whose plasma concentrations may be altered by lorlatinib:
CYP3A substrates
Lorlatinib has a net induction effect on CYP3A both in vitro and in vivo. Lorlatinib 150 mg orally once daily for 15 days decreased AUCinf by 64% and Cmax by 50% of a single oral 2 mg dose of midazolam (a sensitive CYP3A substrate). Concurrent administration of lorlatinib in patients resulted in decreased mean oral midazolam AUC and Cmax than that observed when midazolam was administered alone, suggesting that lorlatinib is an inducer of CYP3A. Thus, coadministration of lorlatinib with CYP3A substrates with narrow therapeutic indices, including but not limited to hormonal contraceptives, alfentanil, cyclosporine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, fentanyl, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus, and tacrolimus, should be avoided since the concentration of these drugs may be reduced by lorlatinib.
In vitro studies of other CYP inhibition and induction
In vitro studies indicated that clinical drug-drug interactions as a result of lorlatinib mediated inhibition of the metabolism of substrates for CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 are unlikely to occur.
In vitro, studies indicated that lorlatinib is an inhibitor of CYP2C9 and that it activates the human pregnane X receptor (PXR), with the net effect in vivo being weak CYP2C9 induction. In vitro studies also indicated that lorlatinib is a time-dependent inhibitor as well as an inducer of CYP3A, with the net effect in vivo being induction. In vitro studies also indicated that lorlatinib is an inducer of CYP2B6 and activates the human constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and in vivo lorlatinib is a weak inducer of CYP2B6. Therefore, concomitant use of lorlatinib with CYP2B6 substrates (e.g., bupropion, efavirenz) may result in reduced plasma concentrations of the CYP2B6 substrate. In vitro, lorlatinib has a low potential to cause drug-drug interactions by induction of CYP1A2.
In vitro, the major circulating metabolite for lorlatinib showed a low potential to cause drug‑drug interaction by inhibiting CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A, or by inducing CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A.
In vitro studies of UDP-glucuronysyltransferase (UGT) inhibition
In vitro studies indicated that clinical drug-drug interactions as a result of lorlatinib mediated inhibition of the metabolism of substrates for UGT1A1, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 are unlikely to occur. In vitro studies indicated that lorlatinib is an inhibitor of UGT1A1 and that it activates PXR, with the net effect in vivo being weak UGT induction.
In vitro studies indicated that clinical drug‑drug interactions as a result of inhibition by the major lorlatinib circulating metabolite of substrates for UGT1A1, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15 are unlikely to occur.
In vitro studies with drug transporters
In vitro studies indicated that clinical drug-drug interactions as a result of lorlatinib mediated inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, systemically), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, OATP1B3, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE)2K, organic anion transporter (OAT)1, and organic cation transporter (OCT)2 are unlikely. In vitro studies indicated that lorlatinib is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and that it activates PXR, with the net effect in vivo being moderate P‑gp induction. Lorlatinib may have the potential to inhibit P glycoprotein (P-gp, systemically and at the gastrointestinal [GI] tract), BCRP (GI tract), OCT1, MATE1, and OAT3 at clinically relevant concentrations.
In vitro studies indicated that clinical drug-drug interactions as a result of inhibition by the major lorlatinib circulating metabolite of substrates for P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2K are unlikely to occur.
In vivo studies with drug transporters
A drug interaction study conducted in non-small cell lung cancer patients indicated that lorlatinib is a moderate inducer of P gp. P-gp substrates with narrow therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) should be used with caution in combination with lorlatinib due to the likelihood of reduced plasma concentrations of these substrates.
9.5 Drug-Food Interactions
Lorlatinib can be taken with or without food. Administration of lorlatinib with a high fat, high calorie meal resulted in 5% higher AUCinf and 9% lower Cmax (AUCinf ratio of 104.7%; 90% CI for the ratio: 101.3%, 108.3%; Cmax ratio of 90.89%; 90% CI for the ratio: 84.82%, 97.40%), compared to overnight fasting. However, taking lorlatinib with foods that are strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g. Grapefruit products) may increase lorlatinib plasma concentrations and should be avoided.
9.6 Drug-Herb Interactions
Co-administration of lorlatinib with herbal products that are strong CYP3A inducers (e.g. St. John’s wort) may decrease lorlatinib plasma concentrations. The use of a strong CYP3A inducer with lorlatinib is contraindicated (see 2 CONTRAINDICATIONS and 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Avoid concomitant use with herbal products that are moderate CYP3A inducers, if possible, as they may also reduce lorlatinib plasma concentrations.
10 Clinical Pharmacology
10.1 Mechanism of Action
Lorlatinib is a selective, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive, brain-penetrant, small molecule inhibitor of ALK and ROS1 tyrosine kinases that addresses mechanisms of resistance following previous treatment with ALK inhibitor therapy.
10.2 Pharmacodynamics
In nonclinical studies, lorlatinib potently inhibited catalytic activities of non‑mutated ALK and a broad range of clinically relevant ALK mutant kinases in recombinant enzyme and cell-based assays. The ALK mutations analyzed included those conferring resistance to other ALK inhibitors.
Lorlatinib demonstrated marked antitumor activity at low nanomolar free plasma concentrations in mice bearing tumor xenografts that express echinoderm microtubule‑associated protein‑like 4 (EML4) fusions with ALK variant 1 (v1), including ALK mutations L1196M, G1269A, G1202R, and I1171T. Two of these ALK mutants, G1202R and I1171T, are known to confer resistance to first and second generation ALK inhibitors. Lorlatinib is also capable of penetrating the blood‑brain barrier and achieved efficacious brain exposure in mice and rat. In mice bearing orthotropic EML4‑ALK or EML4‑ALKL1196M brain tumor implants, lorlatinib caused tumor shrinkage and prolonged survival. The overall antitumor efficacy of lorlatinib was dose-dependent and correlated with inhibition of ALK phosphorylation.
Cardiac electrophysiology
QT interval
In B7461001, 2 patients (0.7%) had absolute Fridericia’s correction QTc (QTcF) values >500 msec, and 5 patients (1.8%) had a change in QTcF from baseline >60 msec.
In addition, the effect of a single oral dose of lorlatinib (50 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg) with and without 200 mg once daily itraconazole was evaluated in a 2-way crossover study in 16 healthy volunteers. No increases in the mean QTc interval were observed at the mean observed lorlatinib concentrations in this study.
PR interval
In 295 patients who received lorlatinib at the recommended dose of 100 mg once daily and had a ECG measurement in Study B7461001, the maximum mean change from baseline for PR interval was 16.4 ms (90% CI: 13.4, 19.4 ms). Among the 284 patients with PR interval <200 ms, 14% (40 patients) had PR interval prolongation ≥200 ms after starting lorlatinib. The prolongation of PR interval occurred in a concentration dependent manner. Atrioventricular block occurred in 1.0% of patients.
For those patients who develop PR prolongation, dose modification may be required (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
10.3 Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
In patients with cancer, peak lorlatinib concentrations in plasma are rapidly reached with the median Tmax of 1.2hours following a single 100 mg dose and 2.0 hours following 100 mg once daily multiple dosing.
After oral administration of lorlatinib tablets, the mean absolute bioavailability is 80.8% (90% CI: 75.7%, 86.2%) compared to intravenous administration.
Administration of lorlatinib with a high fat, high calorie meal resulted in 5% higher AUCinf and 9% lower Cmax (AUCinf ratio of 104.7%; 90% CI for the ratio: 101.3%, 108.3%; Cmax ratio of 90.89%; 90% CI for the ratio: 84.82%, 97.40%), compared to overnight fasting. Lorlatinib may be administered with or without food. The proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole had a minimal effect on lorlatinib plasma exposure (AUCinf ratio of 100.9%; 90% CI for the ratio: 97.6%, 104.3%). No dose adjustment is recommended when lorlatinib is taken with proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists or locally acting antacids.
After multiple QD dose administration, lorlatinib Cmax increased dose-proportionally and AUCtau increased slightly less than dose-proportionally over the dose range of 10 mg to 200 mg QD.
At the 100 mg once daily lorlatinib dose, the Cycle 1 Day 15 geometric mean (geometric %CV) peak plasma concentration was 577 (42 ng/mL and the AUC24 5650 (39) ng·h/mL in patients with cancer. The geometric mean (geometric %CV) oral clearance was 17.7 (39) L/h.
Distribution:
In vitro binding of lorlatinib to human plasma proteins is 66% with moderate binding to both albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein.
The geometric mean (geometric %CV) steady state volume of distribution (Vss) of lorlatinib was 305 (28) L following 50 mg IV administration to healthy subjects. In patients with cancer, the geometric mean (geometric %CV) Vz/F after 100 mg single dose was 352 (37) L.
Metabolism:
In humans, lorlatinib undergoes oxidation and glucuronidation as the primary metabolic pathways. In vitro data indicate that lorlatinib is metabolized primarily by CYP3A4 and UGT1A4, with minor contribution from CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, and UGT1A3.
In plasma, a benzoic acid metabolite of lorlatinib resulting from the oxidative cleavage of the amide and aromatic ether bonds of lorlatinib was observed as a major metabolite, accounting for 21% of the circulating radioactivity. The oxidative cleavage metabolite is pharmacologically inactive.
Elimination:
In patients with cancer, the plasma half life of lorlatinib after a single 100 mg dose was 23.6 hours. At steady state, lorlatinib plasma exposures are lower than those expected from single dose pharmacokinetics, indicating a net auto induction effect on lorlatinib metabolism. Following oral administration of a 100 mg radiolabeled dose of lorlatinib, a mean 47.7% of the radioactivity was recovered in urine and 40.9% of the radioactivity was recovered in feces, with overall mean total recovery of 88.6%.
Unchanged lorlatinib was the major component of human plasma and feces, accounting for 44% and 9.1% of total radioactivity in plasma and feces, respectively. Less than 1% of unchanged lorlatinib was detected in urine.
Special Populations and Conditions
- Pediatrics The safety and efficacy of LORBRENA (lorlatinib) in pediatric patients have not been established.
- Geriatrics Out of the 476 patients who received lorlatinib 100 mg orally once daily in B7461001 (N=327) and Study B7461006 (N=149), 25.5% of patients were aged 65 years or older. Of the 215 patients in the efficacy population in Study B7461001, 17.7% of patients were aged 65 years or older, and of the 149 patients in the lorlatinib arm of Study B7461006, 40% were aged 65 years or older. No clinically relevant differences in safety or efficacy were observed between patients aged greater than or equal to 65 years of age and younger patients (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
- Age, gender, race, body weight, and phenotype: Population pharmacokinetic analyses in patients with advanced NSCLC and healthy volunteers indicate that there are no clinically relevant effects of age, gender, race, body weight, or phenotypes for CYP3A5 and CYP2C19.
- Hepatic Insufficiency As lorlatinib is metabolized in the liver, hepatic impairment is likely to increase lorlatinib plasma concentrations. Clinical studies that were conducted excluded patients with AST or ALT >2.5 × ULN, or if due to underlying malignancy, >5.0 × ULN or with total bilirubin >1.5 × ULN. Population pharmacokinetic analyses have shown that lorlatinib exposure was not clinically meaningfully altered in patients with mild hepatic impairment (n=50). No dose adjustments are recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). LORBRENA has not been studied in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.
- Renal Insufficiency Less than 1% of the administered dose is detected unchanged lorlatinib in urine. Clinical studies excluded patients with serum creatinine >1.5 × ULN or estimated CLcr <60 mL/min. Population pharmacokinetic analyses have shown that lorlatinib steady state exposure was not clinically meaningfully altered in patients with mild (n=103, CL cr: 60-89 mL/min) or moderate renal impairment (n=41, CL cr: 30-59 mL/min). Based on a renal impairment study, no dose adjustments are recommended for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment [absolute eGFR based on Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation (MDRD)-derived eGFR (in mL/min/1.73 m2) × measured body surface area/1.73 ≥30 mL/min]. In this study, lorlatinib AUCinf increased by 41% in subjects with severe renal impairment (absolute eGFR<30 mL/min) compared to subjects with normal renal function (absolute eGFR≥90 mL/min). -Reduce the recommended dosage of LORBRENA in patients with severe renal impairment, from 100 mg to 75 mg orally once daily (see 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
11 Storage, Stability And Disposal
Store at 15°C to 30°C in the original package to protect from light.
12 Special Handling Instructions
LORBRENA does not require any special handling instructions.
Control #: 248101
November 8, 2021
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