Health Professional Information
SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION
| Route of Administration | Dosage Form / Strength | Clinically Relevant Nonmedicinal Ingredients |
| Oral | Tablets 100 mg, 400 mg and 500 mg | Coating: iron oxide yellow (100 mg), iron oxide yellow and iron oxide red (400 mg), iron oxide red (500 mg). |
Indications And Clinical Use
BOSULIF (bosutinib) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with newly-diagnosed chronic phase (CP) Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML).
Market authorization in patients with newly-diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML is based on major molecular response (MMR) rates in a Phase 3 clinical trial with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up (see CLINICAL TRIALS).
BOSULIF (bosutinib) is indicated for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or blast phase Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in adult patients with resistance or intolerance to prior TKI therapy.
Market authorization in patients with resistance or intolerance to prior TKI therapy, is based on cytogenetic and hematologic response rates observed in a single-arm, Phase 1/ 2 study. Overall survival benefit has not been demonstrated (see CLINICAL TRIALS).
BOSULIF should only be prescribed by a qualified healthcare professional who is experienced in the use of antineoplastic therapy and in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Geriatrics (≥ 65 years of age): No clinically relevant age-related pharmacokinetic differences have been observed in the elderly.
Pediatrics (< 18 years of age): The safety and efficacy of BOSULIF in patients less than 18 years of age have not been evaluated. No data are available.Contraindications
Do not use BOSULIF (bosutinib) in patients who are hypersensitive to this drug or to any ingredient in the formulation or component of the container. Cases of Grade 3 or 4 drug hypersensitivity were reported in patients treated with BOSULIF in single-agent cancer studies.
Two cases (less than 0.2%) of Grade 4 drug-related anaphylactic shock were reported in patients treated with BOSULIF (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). For a complete listing of ingredients, see the Dosage Forms, Composition and Packaging section of the product monograph.
Do not use BOSULIF in patients with a known history of long QT syndrome or with a persistent QT interval of >480 ms (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Do not use BOSULIF in cases of uncorrected hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ).
Do not use BOSULIF in hepatically impaired patients. Higher risk of QT prolongation has been seen in patients with declining hepatic function (see ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Special Populations, and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Other Considerations).
Warnings And Precautions
- Drug interactions with inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4. The concomitant use of BOSULIF with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers should be avoided (see Warnings and Precautions, Drug Interactions, Serious Drug and Drug-Food Interactions and Dosage and Administration)
- Gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhea (see Warnings and Precautions and Adverse Reactions)
- Hepatic toxicity, including Hy’s Law case (see Warnings and Precautions and Adverse Reactions)
- Cardiac failure, including fatal outcomes (see Warnings and Precautions and Adverse Reactions)
- Fluid retention (including pleural effusion, pulmonary edema and pericardial effusion (see Warnings and Precautions and Adverse Reactions)
- Hemorrhage (see Warnings and Precautions and Adverse Reactions)
- QT interval prolongation (see Warnings and Precautions and Adverse Reactions)
General
CYP3A inhibitors:
Bosutinib exposure can be increased when administered concomitantly with CYP3A inhibitors. Avoid the concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (see DRUG INTERACTIONS, Serious Drug and Drug-Food Interactions).
CYP3A inducers:
Bosutinib exposure is decreased when administered concomitantly with CYP3A inducers. Avoid the concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A inducers (see DRUG INTERACTIONS, Drug-Drug Interactions).
Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis
Cases of second primary malignancies have been reported in humans in clinical trials with BOSULIF (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
In the 2-year rat carcinogenicity study, overall, no relevant bosutinib-related increase in neoplastic lesion was shown. Nonclinical studies showed that bosutinib was not genotoxic or mutagenic (see TOXICOLOGY).
Cardiovascular
In clinical studies, patients with uncontrolled or significant cardiac disease (e.g. recent myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure or unstable angina) were excluded.
QT Prolongation
In the Phase 1/ 2 clinical study, 1 patient (0.2%) experienced QTcF (corrected QT by the Fridericia method) intervals of greater than 500 ms. Seven (1.2%) of the patients experienced QTcF increases from baseline exceeding 60 ms. Patients with uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease, including QT interval prolongation, at baseline were excluded by protocol criteria from the clinical trials (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
In the phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 400 mg, there was 1 patient (0.4%) in the bosutinib treatment group and 0 patients in the imatinib treatment group who experienced corrected QT by the Fridericia method (QTcF) interval of greater than 500 msec.
In a Phase 3 study of newly diagnosed Ph+ CP CML patients treated with bosutinib 500 mg, two patients (0.8%) experienced QTcF interval greater than 500 ms in the BOSULIF treatment arm. In this study population, BOSULIF was associated with statistically significant decreases from baseline in heart rate of approximately 4 bpm at months 2 and 3 (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
BOSULIF should be administered with caution to patients who have a history of or predisposition for QTc prolongation, who have uncontrolled or significant cardiac disease including recent myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, unstable angina or clinically significant bradycardia, or who are taking medicinal products that are known to prolong the QT interval (e.g. anti-arrhythmic medicinal productsand other substances that may prolong QT (see DRUG INTERACTIONS, Drug-Drug Interactions). The presence of hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia may further increase this effect.
Monitoring for an effect on the QTc interval is advisable and a baseline ECG is recommended prior to initiating therapy with BOSULIF and as clinically indicated. Hypokalaemia or hypomagnesaemia must be corrected prior to BOSULIF administration and should be monitored periodically during therapy (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).
Patients with hepatic impairment who are receiving treatment with BOSULIF are at higher risk of developing QT interval prolongation (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Special Populations).
Cardiac Toxicity
Cardiac-related TEAEs were reported in 13.5% of patients in the Phase 1/ 2 study, with Grade 3 or 4 cardiac-related events reported in 5.4% of patients. Pericardial effusion (3.7%), atrial fibrillation (2.5%) (Grade 3 or 4 in 0.9%), cardiac failure congestive (2.3%), and tachycardia (1.8%) were most commonly reported. The following Grade 3 or 4 events of acute myocardial infarction (0.5%), cardiac failure and coronary artery disease (1% of patients each), coronary artery stenosis (0.4%), left ventricular dysfunction (0.4%), and pulmonary edema (0.2%) were reported in the phase 1/2 study. In the Phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 400 mg, 5.2 % of patients in the BOSULIF arm experienced cardiac events (0. 7% of patients with Grade 3 or 4) versus 5.3% of patients in the imatinib arm ( 1.1% with Grade 3 or 4). Electrocardiogram QT prolonged (1.5%), Atrial fibrillation (1.1%) and Sinus bradycardia (1.5%) were most commonly reported. The following Grade 3 or 4 events of angina (0.4%), atrial fibrillation (0.4%), supraventricular tachycardia (0.4%), coronary artery disease (0.4%), coronary artety occlusion (0.4%), acute coronary syndrome (0.4%) and pericardial effusion (0.4%) were reported.
In a Phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 500 mg, 3.6 % of patients in the BOSULIF arm experienced cardiac events (0.8% with Grade 3 or 4) versus 1.6 % of patients in the imatinib arm (none with Grade 3 or 4)
Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of or predisposition to relevant cardiac disorders including recent myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, unstable angina or clinically significant bradycardia.
Fluid Retention
Treatment with BOSULIF is associated with fluid retention (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, and/or peripheral edema).
In the Phase 3 clinical trial of 268 patients with newly-diagnosed CML in the bosutinib treatment group, 1 patient (0.4%) experienced severe fluid retention of Grade 3 pericardial effusion.
In the single-arm Phase 1/2 clinical study in 570 patients with Ph+ leukemias treated with prior therapy, severe (Grade 3 and 4) fluid retention was reported in 26 patients (4.9%). Twenty-four patients had a Grade 3 or 4 effusion (22 patients had Grade 3 or 4 pleural effusions [3.8%] and 7 patients [1%] had a Grade 3 or 4 pericardial effusion). Edema TEAEs were reported in 114 (20.0%) subjects, most commonly, edema peripheral in 56 (9.8%) and weight increased in 24 (4.2%) subjects. Eight subjects reported SAEs: pulmonary edema (3 subjects), edema (2 subjects), angioedema, circumoral edema, and edema peripheral (one subject each). One subject died due to pulmonary edema.
In a Phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with BOSULIF 500 mg, 3 patients (1.2%) experienced acute pulmonary edema or pulmonary edema (all grades) in the setting of either a pleural effusion or a pericardial effusion.
Patients should be weighed regularly and monitored for signs and symptoms of fluid retention, and managed using standard of care treatment, such as diuretics. In addition, these events can also be managed by withholding BOSULIF temporarily, dose reduction, and/or discontinuation of BOSULIF (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Gastrointestinal
Diarrhea and Vomiting
Patients with recent or ongoing clinically significant gastrointestinal disorder should use BOSULIF with caution and only after a careful benefit-risk assessment, as patients with recent or ongoing clinically significant gastrointestinal disorder (e.g. severe vomiting and/or diarrhea) were excluded from CML clinical studies. Treatment with BOSULIF is associated with events of diarrhea and vomiting. In the single-arm Phase 1/2 clinical study, 88.4% of patients treated with BOSULIF experienced events of gastrointestinal toxicity. Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting were reported in 82%, 47% and 39% of subjects, respectively. Overall, 8% of patients experienced severe Grade 3 /4 diarrhea and 2.1% of patients had SAEs of diarrhea. The median time of onset for diarrhea (all grades) was 2 days and the median duration per event was 2 days.
In the Phase 3 clinical trial in patients with newly-diagnosed Ph+ CML treated with BOSULIF 400 mg, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting were reported in 70%, 35% and 18% of subjects, respectively. Overall, 8% of patients experienced severe Grade 3 /4 diarrhea and 1.1% of patients had SAEs of diarrhea. The median time to onset for diarrhea (all grades) was 3 days and the median duration per event was 3 days.
In newly diagnosed CML CP patients treated with BOSULIF 500 mg, a higher rate of drug-related vomiting was reported in the BOSULIF-treated group (31.5%) relative to the imatinib-treated group (13.5%). In these CML CP patients, a higher rate of drug-related diarrhea was also observed in the Bosulif-treated group (65.7%) relative to imatinib-treated group (17.9%). Bosutinib patients who reported a treatment-emergent diarrhea, 45.8% have experienced an individual episode of diarrhea for more than 28 consecutive days. Patients with these events should be managed using standard of care treatment, including antidiarrheal medication, and/or fluid replacement. Since some antiemetics and antidiarrheals are associated with a risk of increased QT interval prolongation with the potential to induce “torsade de pointes”, concomitant treatment with these agents should be carefully considered. In addition, these events can also be managed by withholding BOSULIF temporarily, dose reduction, and/or discontinuation of BOSULIF (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Hematologic
Myelosuppression
Treatment with BOSULIF is associated with myelosuppression, defined as anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Myelosuppression events reported in 58% of subjects treated with BOSULIF in the Phase 1 /2 study. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were thrombocytopenia (41%), anemia (30%) and neutropenia (19%). Myelosuppression events reported in 45.5% of subjects treated with BOSULIF in the Phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 400 mg. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were thrombocytopenia (23.9%), anemia (17.9%), and platelet count decreased (12.3%). Patients with Ph+ leukemias who are receiving BOSULIF should have a complete blood count (including platelet count) performed weekly for the first month and then monthly thereafter, or as clinically indicated. Myelosuppression can be managed by withholding BOSULIF temporarily, dose reduction, and/or discontinuation of BOSULIF (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Hemorrhage
In the Phase 1/2 population, treatment-emergent adverse events of any severity grade related to bleeding events were commonly reported in 22.5% of patients. Thirty two (5.6%) patients had SAEs. Hemorrhage events included duodenal ulcer hemorrhage, eye hemorrhage, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematochezia, menorrhagia, operative hemorrhage, pericardial hemorrhage, rectal hemorrhage, retroperitoneal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vaginal hemorrhage, and cerebral hemorrhage. There were four deaths associated with haemorrhagic events (gastrointestinal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage in one subject each). In the phase 3 study, treatment-emergent adverse events of any severity grade related to bleeding events were commonly reported in 15.3% of patients. Four patients (1.5%) patients had SAEs (uterine hemorrhage, post procedural hemorrhage, hematuria, and implant site hematoma) none of which were fatal.
Patients with coagulation dysfunction/low platelet counts should be closely monitoring during treatment with BOSULIF.
Hepatic/Biliary and Pancreatic
Hepatotoxicity
Treatment with bosutinib is associated with elevations in serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT ], aspartate aminotransferase [AST ]).
In the 268 patients from the safety population in the Phase 3 clinical trial in patients with newly-diagnosed CML in the bosutinib treatment group, the incidence of ALT elevation was 31% and AST elevation was 23%. Most cases of transaminase elevations occurred early in treatment; of patients who experienced transaminase elevations of any grade, 79% experienced their first event within the first 3 months. The median time to onset of increased ALT and AST was 32 and 43 days, respectively, and the median duration was 20 and 15 days, respectively.
In the 570 patients from the safety population from the single arm phase 1/2 study, adverse events associated with liver function were reported in 146 (25.6%) patients overall. The incidence of ALT elevation was 17% for all grades (of which 6% were maximum Grade 3/4) and AST elevation was 14 % for all grades (of which 3% were maximum Grade 3/4). Most cases of transaminase elevations occurred early in treatment; of patients who experienced transaminase elevations of any grade, more than 80% experienced their first event within the first 3 months. The median time to onset of increased ALT and AST was 29 and 30 days, respectively, and the median duration for each was 21 days. Eighteen (3.2%) patients discontinued BOSULIF due to liver function-related events.
In clinical studies with patient with cancer, one case consistent with Hy’s Law and drug induced liver injury (defined as concurrent elevations in ALT or AST greater than or equal to 3 x ULN with total bilirubin greater than 2 x ULN and alkaline phosphatase less than 2 x ULN) occurred in a breast cancer trial of BOSULIF in combination with letrozole. The patient recovered fully following discontinuation of BOSULIF.
Patients receiving BOSULIF should have monthly hepatic enzyme tests for the first three months of treatment, or as clinically indicated. Patients with transaminase elevations can be managed by withholding BOSULIF temporarily, dose reduction, and/or discontinuation of BOSULIF (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Dosing Considerations, Hepatic Impairment and ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Elevated Serum lipase /Amylase and Pancreatitis
Grade 3 or 4 elevation in serum lipase (4.9%) and amylase (1.2%) and Grade 3 or 4 acute pancreatitis (0.8%) has been observed with BOSULIF. Caution is recommended in patients with previous history of pancreatitis. In case lipase elevations are accompanied by abdominal symptoms, bosutinib should be interrupted and appropriate diagnostic measures considered to exclude pancreatitis (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Recommended Dose and Dose Adjustment). In the phase 3 study, Grade 3 or 4 elevation in serum lipase (9.7%) and amylase (1.5%) and Grade 3 or 4 acute pancreatitis (0.4%) has been observed with BOSULIF.
Infections
Infections including fungal respiratory tract infection and nasopharyngitis, fungal pneumonia, pseudomonal sepsis, bacteraemia, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal infections occurred more frequently in newly diagnosed BOSULIF-treated CML CP patients (40.7%) relative to imatinib-treated CML CP patients (31.1%). Also 0.7% of subjects in the Phase 1/2 study had Grade 3 or 4 cellulitis. BOSULIF may predispose patients who are immunocompromised or older patients to bacterial, fungal, viral or protozoan infections. In the Phase 1/2 study, 53% of patients had events of infection (13.5% Grade 3/4). Eighty (14.0%) patients had SAEs, some of which were fatal. Seven patients died due to infection events, 4 patients died due to pneumonia and 1 patient each died due to fungal infection, bacteremia, sepsis.
In the phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 400 mg, infection was reported less frequently in the bosutinib arm (44.4%) than in the imatinib arm (47.2%). 0.4% of subjects had Grade 3 or 4 cellulitis. Nine patients had Grade 3 or 4 infection (3.4%) and thirteen (4.9%) patients had SAEs, none of which were fatal.
Immune
In the Phase 1/2 clinical study, hypogammaglobulinaemia was reported. Patients with immunocompromising diseases or risk factors for immunosuppression, such as patients with HIV, AIDS, or patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies, should be closely monitored for signs of immunotoxicity. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis occurred in 1 patient (0.3%).
Hepatitis B virus reactivation
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has occurred in patients who are chronic carriers of this virus after receiving a Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Some cases resulted in acute hepatic failure or fulminant hepatitis leading to liver transplantation or death.
Patients should be tested for hepatitis B infection before initiating treatment with BOSULIF. Patients currently on BOSULIF should have baseline testing for hepatitis B infection if clinically indicated, in order to identify chronic carriers of the virus. Experts in liver disease and in the treatment of hepatitis B should be consulted before treatment is initiated in patients with positive hepatitis B serology (including those with active disease) and for patients who test positive for HBV infection during treatment. Carriers of HBV who require treatment with BOSULIF should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of active HBV infection throughout therapy and for several months following termination of therapy.
Hypersensitivity
Cases of Grade 3 or 4 hypersensitivity, anaphylactic shock leading to hospitalization, and urticaria have been reported with BOSULIF in the phase 1/2 clinical study only. In the phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML, hypersensitivity events were reported in 5 patients (1.9%) in the bosutinib arm, of which none were serious.
A potential source of hypersensitivity reactions may also be the excipients in the BOSULIF formulation (polyethylene glycol 3350, poloxamer 188, povidone, or other excipients (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).
Sexual Function/Reproduction
Fertility
Human studies on male patients receiving BOSULIF and its effect on male fertility and spermatogenesis have not been performed. Studies in rats showed that fertility was slightly decreased in male rats treated with bosutinib. Female rats had increased embryonic resorptions and decreases in implantations and viable embryos. The dose at which no adverse reproductive effects were observed in males and females resulted in exposures equal to 0.5 times and 0.2 times, respectively, the human exposure based on the clinical dose of 500 mg (based on unbound AUC in the respective species). BOSULIF has the potential to impair reproductive function and fertility in humans. Physicians should advise and counsel their male and female patients as appropriate (see Special Populations, Male Fertility and DETAILED PHARMACOLOGY).
Females of childbearing potential
Females of childbearing potential (i.e. females who are menstruating, amenorrheic from previous treatments, and/or perimenopausal) must be advised to use highly effective contraception during treatment with BOSULIF. If pregnancy does occur during treatment, BOSULIF should be stropped and the patients should be referred to an obstetrician/gynecologist experienced in reproductive toxicity for further evaluation and counselling.
Tumour Lysis Syndrome
In the Phase 1/2 study, there were 4 patients (0.7%) with tumour lysis syndrome, 2 of whom had Grade 3 or 4 severity. In the phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 400 mg, there was 1 patient (0.4%) with Grade 3 tumour lysis syndrome. Renal function should be closely monitored and adequate hydration should be maintained if tumour lysis syndrome is considered a substantial risk.
Musculoskeletal
Changes in Bone Density
In the Phase 1/2 study, the frequency of fractures (including cervical, vertebral, clavicle, facial bones, foot, hand, humerus, rib, tooth, and upper limb) was reported to be 1.8%, with tooth fracture reported to be most common (0.4%). Grade 3 or 4 humerus fracture and rib fracture were reported in 0.2%, each (see ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS). In the Phase 3 study in newly diagnosed CML CP patients treated with BOSULIF 500 mg, the frequency of fractures was 1.2% in the BOSULIF arm versus 0.4% in the imatinib arm. In addition, hypophosphataemia was reported in patients treated with BOSULIF.
In the Phase 3 study in newly diagnosed CML CP patients treated with BOSULIF 400 mg, the frequency of fractures (including hand, foot, ankle, radius, rib, spinal and tooth) was 2.8% in the BOSULIF arm with each event reported once. There were no reports of Grade 3 or 4 fractures.
In addition, hypophosphataemia (including blood phosphorus decreased) was reported in 6 patients (2.3%) treated with BOSULIF and 17 patients (6.4%) treated with imatinib.
Patients with endocrine abnormalities (e.g. hyperparathyroidism) and severe osteoporosis treated with BOSULIF could be at greater risk from the impact of bone mineralization abnormalities, and should be monitored closely for changes in bone and mineral abnormalities, including bone density (see Monitoring and Laboratory Tests).
Renal and Urinary
A decline over time in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was observed in CML patients receiving BOSULIF (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Abnormal Hematologic and Clinical Chemistry Findings).
For patients with advanced phase leukemia, there appeared to be a more significant decline in eGFR at the same time point. While on treatment, over half (55%) of patients had at least trace or positive protein detected on spot check urinalyses, compared to 21% at baseline. Renal TEAEs were reported in 76 (13.3%) patients, most common events were blood creatinine increased in 8.8% of patients and renal failure in 3.0% of patients. Thirteen (2.3%) patients had SAEs and 1 patient died due to acute kidney injury. Seven patients discontinued BOSULIF treatment due to an AE related to renal impairment, including two patients who underwent hemodialysis as a result of renal dysfunction. In the phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 400 mg, Renal TEAEs were reported in 19 (7.1%) patients, most common events were blood creatinine increased in 5.6%, acute kidney injury in 0.7 % and Renal Impairment in 0.7%.
The reversibility of the eGFR decline following treatment interruption, dose reduction or treatment discontinuation is unclear, due to limited clinical data.
Monitor patients for renal function at baseline and during therapy with BOSULIF, with particular attention to those patients who have pre-existing renal compromise or risk factors for renal dysfunction (see Special Populations, Renal Impairment, below).
Respiratory
In the clinical studies, 2.3% of patients treated with BOSULIF reported serious respiratory disorders including dyspnoea, pleural effusion, respiratory failure, acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, pneumonitis, and interstitial lung disease. In the phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 400 mg, respiratory disorders were reported in 67 (25%) patients with the following Grade 3 or 4 events dyspnoea (0.4%), pneumothorax (0.4%) and respiratory failure (0.4%).
Skin
Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been rarely reported in the post-market setting. Discontinue BOSULIF should this condition be suspected.
Special Populations
Pregnant Women: BOSULIF is teratogenic and is transferred to breast milk. Based on its mechanism of action and findings of embryofetal toxicities in rabbits, BOSULIF can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman (see TOXICOLOGY). There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of BOSULIF in pregnant women. If BOSULIF is used during pregnancy, the patient should be advised of the potential serious risks to a developing fetus.
Nursing Women: An animal study demonstrated excretion of bosutinib-derived radioactivity in breast milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because a potential risk to the nursing infant cannot be excluded, women that are taking BOSULIF should not breast-feed or provide breast milk to infants (see TOXICOLOGY).
Male Patients: There is a potential risk to the developing fetus if exposed to BOSULIF through the semen of male patients, therefore physicians should advise their male patients to use highly effective contraception (including condom) during any sexual contact with females of childbearing potential even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy. The method of contraception should be used while the patient is taking BOSULIF, during interruption of BOSULIF treatment, and for at least 4 weeks after stopping BOSULIF. Physicians should advise their male patients to inform their female sexual partners (with childbearing potential) that they are taking BOSULIF and that there are risks to the developing fetus if exposed to their semen (see DETAILED PHARMACOLOGY).
Pediatrics (<18 years of age): The safety and efficacy of BOSULIF in patients less than 18 years of age have not been evaluated. No data are available.
Geriatrics (≥ 65 years of age): The type and frequency of TEAEs of was generally similar between younger (<65 years) vs. older (> 65 years) subjects. The overall frequency of AEs leading to discontinuation was higher in older subjects, however the type of AEs leading to discontinuation was similar.
Renal Impairment: In a renal impairment study, bosutinib exposures were increased in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment. Reduced starting doses are recommended for patients with moderate and severe renal impairment, respectively (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Dosing Considerations, Renal Impairment and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Special Populations and Conditions, Renal Impairment). The efficacy and safety of BOSULIF were not investigated in these patients, as those with reduced renal function (serum creatinine > 1.5 x ULN) were excluded from the Phase 1/ 2 and Phase 3 BOSULIF CML studies. Initiate BOSULIF therapy in these patients only when perceived benefits outweigh the potential risks. Patients should be closely monitored for renal function at baseline and during therapy (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Renal and Urinary).
Hypertension was reported at a common (8.2%) frequency in patients treated with BOSULIF (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Patients with renal impairment who are receiving treatment with BOSULIF were at higher risk of developing hypertension. Among patients with renal insufficiency, the frequency of hypertension was greater than for patients without renal insufficiency (13.6% versus 5.8%, respectively).
Hepatic Impairment: Metabolism of bosutinib is mainly hepatic. Clinical studies have excluded patients with ALT and/or AST >2.5 (or >5, if related to disease) x ULN range and/or bilirubin >1.5 x ULN range. BOSULIF should not be used in hepatically impaired patients.
Higher risk of QT prolongation has been seen in patients with declining hepatic function. In a single-oral-dose study, higher bosutinib plasma levels with reduced clearance were reported in non-CML patients with mild, moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class) at baseline, compared to matching healthy volunteers. Treatment-emergent QTc prolongation was observed in 50% of hepatically impaired patients (including all 6 patients with severe hepatic impairment) versus 11% of healthy volunteers; the frequency, magnitude and duration of QTc prolongation appeared to increase with severity of baseline hepatic impairment (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Dosing considerations, ADVERSE REACTIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
Higher risk of QT prolongation has been seen in patients with declining hepatic function (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
Sensitivity/Intolerance: Two cases (less than 0.2%) of Grade 4 drug-related anaphylactic shock were reported in patients treated with BOSULIF (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis occurred in 1 patient (0.3%). Patients with hypersensitivity to excipients in BOSULIF, such as polyethylene glycol 3350, poloxamer 188, povidone, or other excipients, may be at risk.
Coagulation Dysfunction/Platelet Disorders: Patients with coagulation dysfunction /platelet disorders and who are taking BOSULIF may be at higher risk of bleeding events.
Serum Lipase / Pancreatitis: Elevated serum lipase, amylase and acute pancreatitis have been reported in patients treated with BOSULIF. Patients with previous history of pancreatitis may be at higher risk, so caution is recommended. In cases where lipase elevations are accompanied by abdominal symptoms, BOSULIF should be interrupted and appropriate diagnostic measures considered to rule out pancreatitis.
Monitoring and Laboratory Tests
Patients with Ph+ leukemias should have a complete blood count (including platelet counts) performed weekly for the first month then monthly thereafter, or as clinically indicated (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Hematologic).
Patients should have baseline and monthly liver function tests (including total bilirubin) and renal function tests for the first three months of treatment and periodically thereafter (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Hepatic).
Serum electrolytes (including phosphorus), calcium and magnesium, as well as serum lipase/amylase, should be monitored at baseline and frequently during treatment with BOSULIF, and as clinically indicated. Patients with endocrine abnormalities (e.g. hyperparathyroidism) and/or severe osteoporosis should be monitored closely for changes in bone and mineral abnormalities, including bone density (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS).
Monitor patients for renal function at baseline and during therapy with BOSULIF, with particular attention to those patients who have pre-existing renal compromise or risk factors for renal dysfunction.
Adequate hydration should be maintained if tumour lysis syndrome is considered a substantial risk.
Patients should be weighed and monitored regularly for fluid retention and managed using standard of care treatment (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Fluid Retention).
Monitoring for an effect on the QTc interval is recommended and a baseline ECG is recommended prior to initiating therapy with BOSULIF and as clinically indicated. Hypokalaemia or hypomagnesaemia must be corrected prior to BOSULIF administration and should be monitored periodically during therapy (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, QT/QTc Prolongation).
Adverse Reactions
Adverse Drug Reaction Overview
The safety information provided in this section represents an assessment of the adverse reactions from 1521 patients who received at least 1 oral dose of single-agent BOSULIF in newly diagnosed Ph+ CP CML, CML resistant or intolerant to prior therapy, other Ph+ leukemias, and advanced malignant solid tumors.
Serious adverse reactions reported include anaphylactic shock (see CONTRAINDICATIONS), myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity (diarrhea), fluid retention, hepatotoxicity and rash.
Clinical Trial Adverse Drug Reactions
Because clinical trials are conducted under very specific conditions the adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials may not reflect the rates observed in practice and should not be compared to the rates in the clinical trials of another drug. Adverse drug reaction information from clinical trials is useful for identifying drug-related adverse events and for approximating rates.
Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase Ph+ CML
A total of 268 patients newly-diagnosed with CP CML received at least 1 dose of single-agent bosutinib 400 mg in a randomized Phase 3 clinical study. After a minimum of 12 months of follow-up, the median duration of therapy was 14.1 months (range: 0.3 to 24.7 months); the median dose intensity was 391.8 mg/day.
The most frequent adverse reactions reported for ≥20% of patients in the bosutinib treatment group were diarrhoea (70.1% of patients), nausea (35.1%), ALT increased (30.6%), thrombocytopenia (35.1%), abdominal pain (25.3%), and AST increased (22.8%).
The Grade 3 or Grade 4 adverse reactions reported for ≥5% of patients in the bosutinib treatment group were alanine aminotransferase increased (19.0%), lipase increased (9.7%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (9.7%), thrombocytopenia (9.0%), diarrhoea (7.8%), neutropenia (6.0%), and platelet count decreased (5.6%).
Table 1 below presents adverse reactions (all causality) of any toxicity and grades 3/4 very commonly reported (frequencies ≥10%) in the Phase 3 safety population.
|
||||
Bosutinib 400 mg Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML N=268 |
Imatinib 400 mg Chronic Phase CML N=265 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
System Organ Class |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
Preferred Term |
||||
Any Adverse Events |
96 |
51 |
93 |
36 |
Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
||||
Thrombocytopenia |
35 |
14 |
20 |
6 |
Anemia |
19 |
3 |
19 |
5 |
Neutropenia |
11 |
7 |
21 |
12 |
Gastrointestinal disorders |
||||
Diarrhea |
70 |
8 |
34 |
<1 |
Nausea |
35 |
0 |
38 |
0 |
Abdominal pain |
25 |
2 |
15 |
<1 |
Vomiting |
18 |
1 |
16 |
0 |
General disorders and administration site conditions |
||||
Fatigue |
19 |
<1 |
19 |
0 |
Pyrexia |
13 |
<1 |
8 |
0 |
Asthenia |
11 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
Infections and infestations |
||||
Respiratory tract infection |
12 |
<1 |
12 |
<1 |
Investigations |
||||
ALT increased |
31 |
19 |
6 |
2 |
AST increased |
23 |
10 |
6 |
2 |
Lipase increased |
13 |
10 |
8 |
5 |
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
||||
Appetite decreased |
10 |
<1 |
6 |
0 |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
||||
Arthralgia |
11 |
<1 |
13 |
0 |
Nervous system disorders |
||||
Headache |
19 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
Skin and subcutaneous disorders |
||||
Rash |
26 |
1 |
18 |
2 |
Table 2 below presents adverse reactions (all causality) of any toxicity and grades 3/4 commonly reported (frequencies ≥ 1% to <10%) in the Phase 3 safety population.
|
||||
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bosutinib 400 mg Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML N=268 |
Imatinib 400 mg Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML N=265 |
|||
System Organ Class |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
Preferred Term |
||||
Any Adverse Events |
96 |
51 |
93 |
36 |
Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
||||
Leukopenia |
6 |
1 |
11 |
3 |
Ear and labyrinth disorders |
||||
Tinnitus |
2 |
0 |
<1 |
0 |
Gastrointestinal disorders |
||||
Gastritis |
1 |
0 |
1 |
<1 |
General disorders and administration site conditions |
||||
Oedema |
6 |
0 |
17 |
<1 |
Chest Pain |
3 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
Pain |
1 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
Hepatobiliary disorders |
||||
Hepatic function abnormal |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Hepatotoxicity |
3 |
2 |
<1 |
0 |
Infections and infestations |
||||
Nasopharyngitis |
10 |
<1 |
9 |
0 |
Bronchitis |
3 |
0 |
2 |
<1 |
Influenza |
3 |
0 |
3 |
<1 |
Pneumonia |
3 |
<1 |
2 |
<1 |
Investigations |
||||
Blood bilirubin increased |
6 |
<1 |
3 |
<1 |
Blood creatinine increased |
6 |
0 |
6 |
<1 |
Amylase increased |
5 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased |
3 |
<1 |
8 |
2 |
Gamma-glutamyl transferase increased |
2 |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged |
1 |
<1 |
3 |
<1 |
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
||||
Hypophosphataemia |
2 |
<1 |
6 |
3 |
Hyperkalaemia |
1 |
<1 |
2 |
0 |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
||||
Back pain |
8 |
<1 |
7 |
<1 |
Myalgia |
3 |
<1 |
15 |
1 |
Nervous system disorders |
||||
Dizziness |
7 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
Dysgeusia |
1 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
||||
Dyspnoea |
9 |
<1 |
4 |
<1 |
Cough |
8 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
Pleural effusion |
2 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Skin and subcutaneous disorders |
||||
Pruritus |
9 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Acne |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Urticaria |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
Vascular disorders |
||||
Hypertension |
5 |
2 |
6 |
2 |
In the phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with bosutinib 400 mg, the median time of onset for diarrhea (all grades) in the bosutinib treatment group was 3 days, and the median duration of an event was 3 days. The median time of onset for either ALT or AST elevations (all grades) observed was 32 and 43 days, respectively, and the median duration was 20 and 15 days, respectively.
Chronic Phase (CP), Accelerated Phase (AP) and Blast Phase (BP) CML and ALL Patients Resistant or Intolerant to Previous TKIs Treatment
The single-arm Phase 1/2 clinical study enrolled a total of 571 patients with Ph+ chronic (n=284), accelerated (n=79), or blast (n=64) phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and 24 patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were resistant or intolerant to prior TKI therapy. The safety population (received at least 1 dose of BOSULIF) included 570 patients.
With the ≥ 4 years of follow up, the majority of BOSULIF-treated patients (99.5%) experienced at least one adverse event. The most common (incidence ≥ 30%) were diarrhea (81.6%), nausea (47.0%), thrombocytopenia (41.4%), vomiting (39.1%), abdominal pain (38.4%), rash (32.8%), and anemia (30.2%).
Overall, 77.9% of patients experienced severe, Grade 3 and 4 adverse events, and 44.2% of patients experienced serious adverse events (SAEs). The most common SAEs (>2% of subjects overall) were pneumonia (4.9%), pleural effusion (4.7%), pyrexia (3.3%), thrombocytopenia (2.5%), dyspnea (2.3%), disease progression, and diarrhea (2.1% each).
Overall, 134 (24%) of patients permanently discontinued bosutinib due to treatment-emerged adverse events (TEAEs). The most common TEAEs leading to discontinuation (≥ 2% of subjects overall) were thrombocytopenia (5.3%) and ALT increased (2.1%). Overall, 65.3% of subjects had at least one dose interruption due to adverse events. The most common TEAEs (≥ 4% of subjects) resulting in dose interruption were thrombocytopenia (21.6%), diarrhea (11.6%), rash (9.8%), neutropenia (8.1%), vomiting and pleural effusion (6.0% each), ALT increased (7.0%), AST increased (5.1%), and anemia (4.2%). Overall, 49% of subjects had ≥1 dose reduction due to TEAEs. The most common TEAEs (≥ 4% of subjects) resulting in reductions in bosutinib dose were thrombocytopenia (13.5%), rash (5.4%), and diarrhea (4.7%).
Table 3 below presents adverse reactions (all causality) of any toxicity and grades 3/4 very commonly reported (frequencies ≥10%) in the Phase 1/2 safety population.
|
||||||||
CP* CML |
CP* CML |
AP* CML Resistant or Intolerant to at least Imatinib |
BP* CML Resistant or Intolerant to at least Imatinib N=64 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
System Organ Class |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
Preferred Term |
||||||||
Any Adverse Event |
100 |
69 |
100 |
61 |
100 |
82 |
97 |
70 |
Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
||||||||
Thrombocytopenia |
42 |
25 |
38 |
26 |
53 |
44 |
34 |
33 |
Anaemia |
29 |
13 |
20 |
7 |
46 |
33 |
30 |
20 |
Neutropenia |
16 |
10 |
21 |
16 |
19 |
18 |
25 |
23 |
Leukopenia |
13 |
5 |
4 |
<1 |
13 |
6 |
19 |
19 |
Gastrointestinal disorders |
||||||||
Diarrhoea |
86 |
10 |
83 |
9 |
85 |
4 |
64 |
5 |
Nausea |
46 |
2 |
48 |
<1 |
46 |
3 |
50 |
2 |
Abdominal pain |
45 |
2 |
36 |
<1 |
34 |
5 |
27 |
8 |
Vomiting |
37 |
4 |
38 |
<1 |
44 |
4 |
41 |
3 |
General disorders and administration site conditions |
||||||||
Pyrexia |
27 |
1 |
15 |
0 |
35 |
1 |
39 |
3 |
Fatigue |
27 |
2 |
23 |
2 |
22 |
5 |
20 |
5 |
Oedema |
15 |
<1 |
13 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
14 |
2 |
Asthenia |
15 |
2 |
8 |
0 |
14 |
1 |
6 |
0 |
Chest pain |
8 |
2 |
6 |
0 |
15 |
3 |
8 |
0 |
Infections and infestations |
||||||||
Respiratory tract infection |
14 |
<1 |
15 |
<1 |
15 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
Nasopharyngitis |
13 |
0 |
11 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Influenza |
10 |
<1 |
10 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Pneumonia |
5 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
14 |
11 |
16 |
9 |
Investigations |
||||||||
ALT increased |
22 |
8 |
15 |
6 |
14 |
8 |
6 |
2 |
AST decreased |
20 |
4 |
8 |
3 |
15 |
5 |
6 |
0 |
Blood creatinine increased |
9 |
<1 |
13 |
0 |
8 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
||||||||
Decreased appetite |
15 |
<1 |
13 |
<1 |
9 |
0 |
19 |
0 |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
||||||||
Arthralgia |
17 |
1 |
18 |
<1 |
15 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
Back pain |
13 |
<1 |
12 |
3 |
10 |
1 |
6 |
2 |
Nervous system disorders |
||||||||
Headache |
19 |
0 |
27 |
3 |
15 |
3 |
20 |
6 |
Dizziness |
9 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
14 |
1 |
13 |
0 |
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
||||||||
Cough |
23 |
0 |
21 |
0 |
30 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
Dyspnoea |
12 |
2 |
12 |
2 |
20 |
9 |
19 |
3 |
Pleural effusion |
11 |
3 |
17 |
5 |
13 |
5 |
5 |
3 |
Skin and subcutaneous disorders |
||||||||
Rash |
37 |
9 |
30 |
4 |
35 |
4 |
31 |
5 |
Pruritus |
10 |
<1 |
17 |
<1 |
8 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
Table 4 below presents adverse reactions (all causality) of any toxicity and grades 3/4 commonly reported (frequencies ≥ 1% to <10%) in the Phase 1/2 safety population.
|
||||||||
CP* CML |
CP* CML |
AP* CML Resistant or Intolerant to at least Imatinib |
BP* CML Resistant or Intolerant to at least Imatinib N=64 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
System Organ Class |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3/4 (%) |
Preferred Term |
||||||||
Any Adverse Event |
100 |
69 |
100 |
61 |
100 |
82 |
97 |
70 |
Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
||||||||
Febrile Neutropenia |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
Cardiac disorders |
||||||||
Pericardial effusion |
3 |
1 |
6 |
3 |
6 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
Pericarditis |
<1 |
0 |
<1 |
<1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Ear and labyrinth disorders |
||||||||
Tinnitus |
1 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Gastrointestinal disorders |
||||||||
Gastritis |
4 |
<1 |
3 |
<1 |
4 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage |
2 |
<1 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
Acute pancreatitis |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
General disorders and administration site conditions |
||||||||
Pain |
7 |
<1 |
6 |
0 |
8 |
1 |
8 |
3 |
Hepatobiliary disorders |
||||||||
Hepatotoxicity |
4 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
Hepatic function abnormal |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
Immune system disorders |
||||||||
Drug hypersensitivity |
<1 |
<1 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Infections and infestations |
||||||||
Bronchitis |
6 |
<1 |
5.0 |
<1 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Investigations |
||||||||
Lipase increased |
10 |
7 |
7 |
4 |
8 |
2.5 |
5 |
3 |
Amylase increased |
5 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
2 |
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased |
5 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Blood bilirubin increased |
4 |
0 |
2 |
<1 |
3 |
0 |
9 |
8 |
Gamma-glutamyl transferase increased |
2 |
<1 |
3 |
<1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged |
1 |
<1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
||||||||
Hypophosphataemia |
6 |
2 |
4 |
0 |
6 |
4 |
6 |
3 |
Hyperkalaemia |
3 |
1 |
5 |
<1 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
Dehydration |
2 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
6 |
0 |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
||||||||
Myalgia |
8 |
0 |
4 |
<1 |
9 |
0 |
9 |
2 |
Nervous system disorders |
||||||||
Dysgeusia |
2 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Renal and urinary disorders |
||||||||
Renal failure |
2 |
<1 |
3 |
2 |
6 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
Acute kidney injury |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
Renal impairment |
2 |
<1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
||||||||
Pulmonary hypertension |
1 |
<1 |
<1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Respiratory failure |
<1 |
<1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
Skin and subcutaneous disorders |
||||||||
Acne |
4 |
0 |
<1 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Urticaria |
2 |
0 |
3 |
<1 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
Exfoliative rash |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Drug eruption |
<1 |
<1 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
In the single-arm Phase 1/2 clinical study, the median time of onset for diarrhea (all grades) was 2 days and the median duration per event was 2 days. Based on adverse reactions reported, the median time of onset for either ALT or AST (all grades) elevations was 29 and 30 days, respectively, and the median duration for each was 18 days.
ECG Findings
In the Phase 1/ 2 clinical study, 1 patient (0.2%) experienced QTcF (corrected QT by the Fridericia method) intervals of greater than 500 ms. Seven (1.2%) of the patients experienced QTcF increases from baseline exceeding 60 ms. Patients with uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease, including QT interval prolongation, at baseline were excluded by protocol criteria from the clinical trials.
In the phase 3 study in patients newly diagnosed with CP CML treated with 400 mg, there was 1 patient in the bosutinib treatment group and 0 patients in the imatinib treatment group who experienced corrected QT by the Fridericia method (QTcF) interval of greater than 500 msec.
In a Phase 3 study of newly diagnosed Ph+ CP CML patients treated with 500 mg, 2 patients (0.8%) experienced QTcF interval greater than 500 ms in the BOSULIF treatment arm. Patients with uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease including QT interval prolongation were excluded from enrolling in this clinical study. In this study population, BOSULIF was associated with statistically significant decreases from baseline in heart rate of approximately 4 bpm at months 2 and 3.
Tabulated Summary of Adverse Reactions
The following adverse reactions in Table 5 were reported in patients in pooled clinical studies with BOSULIF. They represent an evaluation of the adverse reaction data from 1521 patients who received at least 1 dose of single-agent BOSULIF in newly diagnosed Ph+ CP CML, CML resistant or intolerant to prior therapy, other Ph+ leukemias, and advanced malignant solid tumors. These adverse reactions are presented by system organ class and by frequency. Frequency categories are defined as: very common (≥10%), common (≥1% to <10%), uncommon (≥0.1% to <1%), rare (≥0.01% to <0.1%), very rare (<0.01%), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
|
|
| Infections and infestations | |
| Very common | respiratory tract infection (including upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, viral upper respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract infection viral ), nasopharyngitis |
| Common | pneumonia (including pneumonia, atypical pneumonia), influenza, bronchitis |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | |
| Very common | thrombocytopenia (including platelet count decreased), anemia (including Hemoglobin decreased), neutropenia (including neutrophil count decreased) |
| Common | leucopenia (including white blood cell count decreased) |
| Uncommon | febrile neutropenia, granulocytopenia |
| Immune system disorders | |
| Uncommon | anaphylactic shock, drug hypersensitivity |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | |
| Very common | decreased appetite |
| Common | hyperkalemia (including blood potassium increased), hypophosphatemia (including blood phosphorus decreased), dehydration |
| Nervous system disorders | |
| Very common | headache, dizziness |
| Common | dysgeusia |
| Ear and labyrinth disorders | |
| Common | tinnitus |
| Cardiac disorders | |
| Common | pericardial effusion |
| Uncommon | pericarditis |
| Vascular disorders | |
| Common | hypertension (including blood pressure increased, blood pressure systolic increased, essential hypertension, hypertensive crisis) |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | |
| Very common | dyspnea |
| Common | pleural effusion |
| Uncommon | acute pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |
| Very common | diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain (including upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, abdominal tenderness, gastrointestinal pain), nausea |
| Common | gastritis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage (including anal hemorrhage, gastric hemorrhage, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, rectal hemorrhage) |
| Uncommon | acute pancreatitis |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | |
| Common | hepatotoxicity (including toxic hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, liver disorder), abnormal hepatic function (including liver function test abnormal, liver function test increased, transaminsases increased) |
| Uncommon | liver injury (including drug-induced liver injury) |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | |
| Very common | rash (including maculopapular rash, pruritic rash, generalized rash, papular rash, macular rash) |
| Common | urticaria, pruritus, acne |
| Uncommon | erythema multiforme, exfoliative rash, drug eruption |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | |
| Very common | arthralgia, back pain |
| Common | myalgia |
| Renal and urinary disorders | |
| Common | acute renal failure, acute kidney injury, renal failure, renal impairment |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | |
| Very common | fatigue (including malaise), pyrexia, edema (including face edema, localized edema, peripheral edema ), asthenia |
| Common | chest pain (including chest discomfort), pain |
| Investigations | |
| Very common | increased alanine aminotransferase, increased aspartate aminotransferase, increased lipase (including hyperlipasaemia) |
| Common | increased blood amylase, increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, increased blood creatine phosphokinase, increased blood bilirubin (including hyperbilirubinemia), electrocardiogram QT prolonged (including long QT symdrome, ventricular tachycardia), increased blood creatinine |
All treatment-emergent adverse events that were reported in BOSULIF pooled clinical studies, regardless of causality and frequency, are listed in Table 6 below.
Abnormal Hematologic and Clinical Chemistry Findings
Table 6 presents potential clinically relevant or severe abnormalities of routine hematological, or biochemistry laboratory values in the study patient population who received at least one dose of BOSULIF in the Phase 1/2 study.
|
|||
CP* CML |
CP* CML |
AP* CML, BP* CML |
|
| Hematology parameters | % | % | % |
| Platelet Count <50 X 109/L | 26 | 26 | 57 |
| Absolute Neutrophil Count <1 X109/L | 15 | 18 | 38 |
| Hemoglobin (Low) <80 g/L | 14 | 8 | 38 |
| Biochemistry parameters | |||
| SGPT/ALT >5.0 X ULN | 12 | 8 | 6 |
| SGOT/AST >5.0 X ULN | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Lipase >2 X ULN | 12 | 8 | 6 |
| Phosphorus (Low) <0.6 mmol/L | 9 | 3 | 7 |
| Total Bilirubin (High) >3xULN | 0 | 2 | 3 |
Table 7 presents potential clinically relevant or severe abnormalities of routine hematological, or biochemistry laboratory values in the study patient population who received at least one dose of BOSULIF in the Phase 3 study.
Bosutinib 400 mg |
|
| Hematology parameters | % |
| Platelet Count <50 X 109/L | 14 |
| Absolute Neutrophil Count <1 X109/L | 9 |
| Hemoglobin (Low) <80 g/L | 7 |
| Biochemistry parameters | |
| SGPT/ALT >5.0 X ULN | 23 |
| SGOT/AST >5.0 X ULN | 12 |
| Lipase >2 X ULN | 13 |
| Phosphorus (Low) <0.6 mmol/L | 4.5 |
| Total Bilirubin (High) >3xULN | 1 |
Table 8 presents the median (90% CI) change in eGFR from baseline over time in patients with a baseline creatinine value in the Phase 1/2 study (see CLINICAL TRIALS).
Time Point (months) |
Total (N=569) |
eGRF (mL/min/1.73 m2) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 569 | NA |
| 3 | 429 | -5.29 (-6.26, -4.02) |
| 12 | 290 | -7.55 (-8.29, -4.89) |
| 24 | 210 | -8.54 (-10.07, -6.55) |
| 36 | 185 | -10.92 (-12.92, -8.62) |
| 48 | 167 | -10.51 (-13.57, -9.20) |
Table 9 presents the median (90% CI) change in eGFR from baseline over time in patients with a baseline creatinine value in the Phase 3 study (see CLINICAL TRIALS).
Time Point (months) |
Total (N=268) |
eGRF (mL/min/1.73 m2) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 267 | NA |
| 3 | 247 | -4.9 (-6.9, -2.4) |
| 12 | 216 | -11.1 (-12.9, -9.2) |
Drug Interactions
- Strong and moderate CYP3A inhibitors increase BOSULIF exposure.
Avoid concomitant use of these inhibitors. - Strong and moderate CYP3A inducers decrease BOSULIF exposure.
Avoid concomitant use of these inducers.
Overview
In vitro studies with human liver microsomes indicated that the major CYP450 isozyme involved in the metabolism of bosutinib is CYP3A4. No metabolism of bosutinib was observed with CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A5. Flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes (FMO1, FMO3, and FMO5) are capable of metabolizing bosutinib to its N-oxide metabolite.
Drug-Drug Interactions
Drugs That May Increase Bosutinib Plasma Concentrations
CYP3A inhibitors: Avoid the concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., including but not limited to boceprevir, clarithromycin, conivaptan, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lopinavir/ritonavir, mibefradil, nefazodone, nelfinavir,posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, telithromycin, troleandomycin, voriconazole), or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., including but not limited to amprenavir, aprepitant, atazanavir,cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, crizotinib, darunavir/ritonavir, diltiazem, erythromycin, fluconazole, fosamprenavir, imatinib, verapamil, grapefruit products including star fruit, pomegranate, Seville oranges and other similar fruits that are known to inhibit CYP3A4) with BOSULIF, as an increase in bosutinib plasma concentration is possible.
Use caution if mild CYP3A inhibitors are used concomitantly with BOSULIF.
Selection of an alternate concomitant medication with no or minimal enzyme inhibition potential, if possible, is recommended.
In a study of 24 healthy subjects in which five daily doses of 400 mg ketoconazole (a strong CYP3A inhibitor) were co-administered with a single dose of 100 mg of BOSULIF, ketoconazole increased BOSULIF Cmax by 5.2 (90% CI: [4.3, 6.2])-fold, and BOSULIF AUC in plasma by 8.6 (90% CI: [7.5, 9.9])-fold, as compared with administration of BOSULIF alone under fasting conditions.
In a study of 20 healthy subjects in which a single dose of 125 mg aprepitant (a moderate CYP3A inhibitor) was co-administered with a single dose of 500 mg BOSULIF, aprepitant increased bosutinib Cmax by 1.5 (90% CI= 1.3 to 1.8)-fold, and bosutinib AUC in plasma by 2.0 (90% CI = 1.7 to 2.4)-fold over a 5-day pharmacokinetic assessment period, as compared with administration of BOSULIF alone under fed conditions.
In vitro transporter studies demonstrated that bosutinib is a substrate for efflux transporters P-gp, BCRP and MRPs. Possible interactions with BOSULIF and concomitant drug efflux transporter inhibitors may occur.
Drugs That May Decrease Bosutinib Plasma Concentrations
CYP3A Inducers: Avoid the concomitant use of strong CYP3A inducers (e.g., including but not limited to carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, St. John’s wort or moderate CYP3A inducers (e.g., including but not limited to bosentan, efavirenz, etravirine, modafinil, nafcillin) with BOSULIF.
Based on the large reduction in bosutinib exposure that occurred when BOSULIF was co-administered with rifampin (strong CYP3A inducer), increasing the dose of BOSULIF when co-administering with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers is unlikely to sufficiently compensate for the loss of exposure.
Use caution if mild CYP3A inducers are used concomitantly with BOSULIF.
Following concomitant administration of a single dose of 500 mg of BOSULIF with six daily doses of 600 mg of rifampin in 24 healthy subjects, bosutinib exposure (Cmax and AUC in plasma) decreased to 14% (90%CI: [12.0, 16.0]) and to 6% (90%CI: [5.0, 7.0]), respectively, of the values when 500 mg of BOSULIF was administered alone in the fed state.
Proton Pump Inhibitors: Use caution when administering BOSULIF concomitantly with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Short-acting antacids should be considered as an alternative to PPIs, administration times of BOSULIF and antacids should be separated (e.g take BOSULIF in the morning, and antacids in the evening) whenever possible. BOSULIF displays pH-dependent aqueous solubility in vitro. When a single-oral dose of 400 mg of BOSULIF was co-administered with multiple-oral doses of 60 mg of lansoprazole (a PPI) in a study of 24 healthy fasting subjects, bosutinib Cmax and AUC decreased to 54% (90%CI: [42.0, 70.0]) and 74% (90%CI: [60.0, 90.0]), respectively, of the values seen when 400 mg of BOSULIF was given alone.
Drugs That May Have Their Plasma Concentration Altered By Bosutinib
Substrates of CYP: An in vitro study indicates that clinical drug-drug interactions are unlikely to occur as a result of induction by BOSULIF on the metabolism of drugs that are substrates for CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4.
In vitro, bosutinib inhibited CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5 at concentrations that were 26- to 71-fold higher than the Cmax in humans at 500 mg once daily.
In vitro studies indicate that bosutinib has a low potential to inhibit breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, systemically), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, OATP1B3, organic anion transporter (OAT)1, OAT3, organic cation transporter (OCT)1, and OCT2 at clinically relevant concentrations, but may have the potential to inhibit BCRP in the gastrointestinal tract and OCT1.
Anti-arrhythmic Medicines and Other Drugs That May Prolong QT:
Concomitant use of BOSULIF with another QT/QTc-prolonging drug is discouraged. Drugs that have been associated with QT/QTc interval prolongation and/or torsade de pointes include, but are not limited to, the examples in the following list. Chemical/pharmacological classes are listed if some, although not necessarily all, class members have been implicated in QT/QTc prolongation and/or torsade de pointes:
- Class IA antiarrhythmics (e.g., quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide);
- Class III antiarrhythmics (e.g., amiodarone, sotalol, dronedarone, ibutilide);
- Class 1C antiarrhythmics (e.g., flecainide, propafenone);
- antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, pimozide, haloperidol, droperidol, ziprasidone);
- antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine, citalopram, venlafaxine, tricyclic/tetracyclic antidepressants e.g., amitriptyline, imipramine, maprotiline);
- opioids (e.g., methadone);
- macrolide antibiotics and analogues (e.g., erythromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, tacrolimus);
- quinolone antibiotics (e.g., moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin);
- antimalarials (e.g., quinine, chloroquine);
- azole antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole);
- domperidone;
- 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3 receptor antagonists (e.g., dolasetron, ondansetron);
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., vandetanib, sunitinib, nilotinib, lapatinib);
- histone deacetylase inhibitors (e.g., vorinostat);
- beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists (e.g., salmeterol, formoterol). (See Warnings and Precautions, Cardiovascular, Action and Clinical Pharmacoogy, QT/QTc Prolongation)
The use of BOSULIF* is discouraged with drugs that can disrupt electrolyte levels, including, but not limited to, the following:
- loop, thiazide, and related diuretics;
- laxatives and enemas;
- amphotericin B;
- high dose corticosteroids.
The above lists of potentially interacting drugs are not comprehensive. Current information sources should be consulted for newly approved drugs that prolong the QT/QTc interval, inhibit metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters, or cause electrolyte disturbances, as well as for older drugs for which these effects have recently been established.
Drug-Food Interactions
Administration of BOSULIF with a meal increased BOSULIF Cmax 1.8- fold and AUC 1.7-fold, respectively at the dose of 400 mg in healthy subjects (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics, Absorption and Special Populations). BOSULIF taken without a meal may decrease BOSULIF’s bioavailability.
Products and juices containing grapefruit, star fruit, pomegranate, Seville oranges and other similar fruits that are known to inhibit CYP3A4, should be avoided at any time as they may increase BOSULIF plasma concentrations.
Drug-Herb Interactions
St. John’s Wort is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. Avoid the concomitant use of strong CYP3A inducers with BOSULIF as this may lead to decreased plasma concentrations of BOSULIF (see DRUG INTERACTIONS, Drug-Drug Interaction and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions
Interactions between BOSULIF and laboratory tests have not been studied.
Drug-Lifestyle Interactions
Effects on ability to drive and use machinery
No studies on the effects of bosutinib on the ability to drive and operate machines have been performed. Patients experiencing dizziness or other undesirable effects with a potential impact on the ability to safely drive or use machines should refrain from these activities as long as these undesirable effects persist (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Alcohol
No studies have been performed on the potential interaction between bosutinib and alcohol consumption.
Dosage And Administration
Recommended Dose and Dosage Adjustment
Bosutinib should be taken orally once daily, swallowed whole, with a meal. Patients should take their dose of bosutinib at approximately the same time each day. Do not take with grapefruit products and star fruit, pomegranate, Seville oranges and other similar fruits that are known to inhibit CYP3A4 (see DRUG INTERACTIONS, Serious Drug and Drug-Food Interactions). Tablets should not be crushed or cut, and should not be dissolved in a liquid.
In clinical trials, treatment with bosutinib continued until disease progression or until intolerance to therapy.
If a patient misses a dose (delayed by more than 12 hours), the patient should not take a dose that day, but take the usual prescribed dose on the following day.
In clinical studies of adult Ph+ CML patients, dose escalation by increments of 100 mg once daily to a maximum of 600 mg once daily was allowed in patients who did not achieve a hematologic, cytogenetic, or molecular response and who did not have Grade 3 or higher adverse reactions at the recommended starting dosage. Dose escalations are expected to result in greater toxicity.
Newly-diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML
The recommended dose of BOSULIF is 400 mg orally once daily swallowed whole with a meal.
Chronic, accelerated, or blast phase Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy
The recommended dose and schedule of BOSULIF is 500 mg orally once daily swallowed whole, with a meal.
Dose Adjustments for Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions
Elevated liver transaminases: If elevations in liver transaminases >5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) occur, BOSULIF should be interrupted until recovery to ≤2.5 x ULN and may be resumed at 400 mg once daily thereafter. If recovery takes longer than 4 weeks, discontinuation of BOSULIF should be considered. If transaminase elevations ≥3 x ULN occur concurrently with bilirubin elevations >2 x ULN and alkaline phosphatase <2 x ULN, BOSULIF should be discontinued.
Diarrhea: For NCI CTCAE Grade 3-4 diarrhea (increase of ≥7 stools/day over baseline/pretreatment), BOSULIF should be interrupted temporarily. Patients with these events should be managed using standard of care treatment, including antidiarrheal medication, and/or fluid replacement. BOSULIF may be resumed at a dose reduced by 100 mg taken once daily upon recovery to grade ≤1.
If other clinically significant moderate or severe non-hematological toxicity develops, BOSULIF should be interrupted, and may be resumed at a dose reduced by 100 mg taken once daily after the toxicity has resolved. If clinically appropriate, re-escalation of the dose to the starting dose taken once daily may be considered. Doses less than 300 mg/day have been used in patients; however, efficacy has not been established.
Dose Adjustments for Hematologic Adverse Reactions
Dose reductions are recommended for severe or persistent neutropenia and thrombocytopenia as described below. Dose interruptions and/or reductions may be needed for hematologic toxicities (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) that are not related to underlying leukemia (Table 10).
Absolute Neutrophil Count or
|
Hold BOSULIF until ANC ≥1.0x109/L and platelets ≥50x109/L. Resume treatment with BOSULIF at the same dose if recovery occurs within 2 weeks. If blood counts remain low for >2 weeks, upon recovery, reduce dose by 100 mg and resume treatment. If either of these cytopenias recurs, reduce dose by an additional 100 mg upon recovery and resume treatment. Doses less than 300 mg/day have been used in patients; however, efficacy has not been established. |
Dosing Considerations
Concomitant Use With CYP3A Inhibitors
Avoid the concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors with BOSULIF as an increase in bosutinib plasma concentration is possible (see DRUG INTERACTIONS, Serious Drug and Drug-Food Interactions).
Concomitant Use With CYP3A Inducers
Avoid the concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A with BOSULIF. Based on the large reduction in bosutinib exposure that occurred when BOSULIF was co-administered with rifampin, increasing the dose of BOSULIF when co-administering with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers is unlikely to sufficiently compensate for the loss of exposure (see DRUG INTERACTIONS, Drug-Drug Interactions).
Hepatic Impairment
BOSULIF is contraindicated in patients with hepatic impairment at baseline. (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics, Hepatic Impairment).
Renal Impairment
Newly-diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML
In patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CLCr] 30 to <50 mL/min, estimated by the Cockcroft‑Gault formula ), the recommended dose of bosutinib is 300 mg daily with food (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Special Populations and Conditions, Renal Impairment).
In patients with severe renal impairment (CLCr <30 mL/min, estimated by the Cockcroft‑Gault formula), the recommended dose of bosutinib is 200 mg daily with food (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Special Populations and Conditions, Renal Impairment).
Chronic, accelerated, or blast phase Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy
In patients with moderate renal impairment [creatinine clearance (CrCL) 30 to 50 mL/min, estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula, the recommended dose of bosutinib is 400 mg daily with food (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Special Populations and Conditions, Renal Impairment ).
In patients with severe renal impairment (CrCL <30 mL/min, estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula), the recommended dose of bosutinib is 300 mg daily with food (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Special Populations and Conditions, Renal Impairment).
The starting dose recommendation in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment was based on pharmacological modeling; the efficacy and safety of BOSULIF have not been investigated in these patients. Initiate BOSULIF therapy in these patients only when perceived benefits outweigh the potential risks. Patients should be closely monitored for renal function at baseline and during therapy (see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Special Populations and Conditions, Renal Impairment).
Missed Dose
If a dose is missed (delayed by more than 12 hours), the patient should not take a dose that day, but take the usual prescribed dose on the following day.
Administration
For oral use.
Overdosage
Experience with BOSULIF overdose in clinical studies was limited to isolated cases. There were no reports of any serious adverse events associated with the overdoses. Patients who take an overdose of BOSULIF should be observed and given appropriate supportive treatment.
Action And Clinical Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
BOSULIF belongs to a pharmacologic class of drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. BOSULIF inhibits the activity of the oncogenic Bcr-Abl kinase that promotes CML, and Src-family of kinases such as Src, Lyn and Hck, which participate in Bcr-Abl signaling. Modeling studies indicate that BOSULIF binds the kinase domain of Bcr-Abl. BOSULIF also inhibits other kinases such as EPH, TEC and STE20 kinases. BOSULIF minimally inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and c-Kit (protein-tyrosine kinase Kit).
BOSULIF exhibits potent anti-leukemic activity in imatinib-sensitive and resistant BCR-ABL-dependent leukemia cells. In in vitro studies, BOSULIF inhibits proliferation and survival of established CML cell lines, Ph+ ALL cell lines, and patient-derived primary primitive CML cells. BOSULIF inhibited 16 of 18 imatinib-resistant forms of Bcr-Abl expressed in murine myeloid cell lines, except T315I. Bosutinib treatment reduced the size of CML tumors growing in nude mice and inhibited growth of murine myeloid tumors expressing imatinib-resistant forms of Bcr-Abl. BOSULIF also inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases c-Fms, EphA and B receptors, Trk-family kinases, Axl-family kinases, Tec-family kinases, some members of the ErbB-family, the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Csk, serine/threonine kinases of the Ste20-family and two calmodulin-dependent protein kinases.
Pharmacodynamics
QT/QTc Prolongation
The effect of single dose BOSULIF 500 mg administration on corrected QT interval (QTcF=QT/RR0.33) was evaluated in a two part study (Part A & Part B).
Part A was a randomized, double-blind (with respect to bosutinib), 3 period crossover in which healthy male subjects (N=58) received single doses of bosutinib 500 mg, placebo, or moxifloxacin 400 mg in the fed state. The maximum observed QTcF difference from placebo during treatment with bosutinib 500 mg was 2.46 msec (90% CI: [0.54, 4.38]) at 8 h. The results for Part A cannot be extrapolated to steady-state use of bosutinib because the maximal plasma concentrations achieved after the single 500 mg dose (mean Cmax 114±39.8 ng/mL) were only 42-57% of the maximal plasma concentrations observed in the target patient population receiving bosutinib 500 mg at steady-state (mean Cmax 200-273 ng/mL).
Part B was a randomized, double-blind (with respect to bosutinib), 2 period crossover in which healthy male subjects (N=54) were administered a single dose of test article (bosutinib 500 mg or placebo) concomitantly with ketoconazole in the fed state. On day -1, ketoconazole was administered as a single oral 400 mg dose in each period. On day 1, the subjects received bosutinib 500 mg or placebo concomitantly with 400 mg ketoconazole in the fed state. On days 2 and 3, subjects received single oral doses of 400 mg ketoconazole. Part B did not have a placebo only treatment arm or a drug-free baseline. The maximal mean difference in QTcF interval between ketoconazole plus bosutinib and ketoconazole plus placebo was 7.36 msec (90% CI: [5.09, 9.63]) at 8 h on day 1. The mean Cmax achieved after a single 500 mg dose of bosutinib in the presence of ketoconazole was 326±77.2 ng/mL.
Patients with hepatic impairment may be at increased risk of developing QT/QTc prolongation. In a single-oral-dose (200 mg) study in non-CML patients, treatment-emergent QTc prolongation was observed in 50% of hepatically impaired patients (Child-Pugh class A, B or C), versus 11% of matching healthy volunteers; the frequency, magnitude and duration of QTc prolongation appeared to increase with severity of hepatic impairment: all 6 patients with Child-Pugh C at baseline had QTc prolongation following treatment, versus 1/6 and 2/6 of patients of Child-Pugh A and B, respectively. Except for one patient who recorded QTc of 450 msec at day 1 predose, all other Child-Pugh C patients (n=5) had QTc prolongation starting 3 hours post-dose lasted from Day 4 and beyond. The greatest relative QTc increase over baseline was 48 msec in one patient with Child-Pugh C hepatic impairment. However, no QTc > 500 msec was reported for any volunteer in the study.
Pharmacokinetics
| Data are mean (standard deviation) values. a: n = 7 b: n = 9 |
|||||
Dose (mg) |
N |
Cmax (ng/mL) |
t½ (h) |
AUC0-24 (ng*h/mL) |
Clearance (CL/F) (L/h) |
400 |
3 |
146 (20) |
46.0 (32.3) |
2720 (442) |
150 (23) |
500 |
3 |
200 (12) |
21.7 (4.6) |
3650 (425) |
138 (17) |
600 |
10 |
208 (73) |
25.9 (24.9)a |
3630 (1270)b |
185 (66)b |
Absorption: Following administration of a single oral dose of BOSULIF (500 mg) with food in healthy subjects, the absolute bioavailability was 34%. Absorption was relatively slow, with a median time-to-peak concentration (tmax) reached after 6 hours. The mean (SD) Cmax value was 90 (24) ng/mL and the mean AUC was 2060 (448) ng•h/mL after a single dose of bosutinib (400 mg) with food; and the mean standard deviation (SD) Cmax value was 112 (29) ng/mL, and the mean (SD) AUC was 2740 (790) ng•h/mL after a single dose of bosutinib (500 mg) with food in healthy subjects, respectively.
Food increased bosutinib Cmax 1.8-fold and bosutinib AUC 1.7-fold compared to the fasting state. The mean (SD) Cmax value was 146 (20) ng/mL and the mean (SD) AUCtau was 2720 (442) ng•h/mL after 15 daily dosing of bosutinib tablet (400 mg) with food; and the mean (SD) Cmax value was 200 (12) ng/mL, and the mean (SD) AUCtau was 3650 (425) ng•h/mL after 15 daily dosing of bosutinib tablet (500 mg) with food in patients with CML.
Bosutinib displays pH-dependent aqueous solubility in vitro. Lansoprazole decreases bosutinib exposure (see Drug-Drug Interactions).
Distribution: After administration of a single intravenous (IV) dose of BOSULIF 120 mg to healthy subjects, bosutinib had a mean volume of distribution (standard deviation) of 2441 (796) L suggesting that bosutinib is extensively distributed to extra-vascular tissue and/or with low oral bioavailability. In an animal study with rat, bosutinib did not cross the blood-brain barrier.
Bosutinib was highly bound to human plasma proteins in vitro (94%) and ex vivo in healthy subjects (96%), and binding was not concentration-dependent.
Metabolism: In vitro studies with human liver microsomes indicated that the major CYP450 isozyme involved in the metabolism of bosutinib is CYP3A4. No metabolism of bosutinib was observed with CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A5. Flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes (FMO1, FMO3, and FMO5) are capable of metabolizing bosutinib to its N-oxide metabolite. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that bosutinib (parent compound) undergoes predominantly hepatic metabolism (by CYP3A4) in humans. Following administration of single or multiple doses of BOSULIF (400 mg or 500 mg) to humans, the major circulating metabolites appeared to be oxydechlorinated (M2) and N-desmethylated (M5) bosutinib, with bosutinib N-oxide (M6) as a minor circulating metabolite. The systemic exposure of N-desmethylated metabolite was 25% of the parent compound, while the oxydechlorinated metabolite was 19% of the parent compound. All three metabolites exhibited activity that was ≤ 5% that of bosutinib in a Src-transformed fibroblast anchorage-independent proliferation assay. In feces, bosutinib and N-desmethyl bosutinib were the major drug-related components.
Elimination: In 14 healthy subjects given a single IV dose (120 mg) of bosutinib, the mean (SD) terminal phase elimination half-life (t1/2) was 35.5 (8 .5) hours, and the mean (SD) clearance (Cl ) was 63.6 (14.1) L/h. In six healthy male subjects given a single oral dose of [14C] radiolabeled bosutinib, an average of 94.6% of the total administered radioactivity was recovered in 9 days; feces (91.3% of dose) was the major route of excretion, with 3.29% of the dose recovered in urine. Excretion was rapid, with 75% of the dose recovered within 96 hours. Excretion of unchanged bosutinib in urine was low, approximately 1% of the administered dose, in healthy subjects.
Linearity / Non-linearity: Both observed Cmax and AUC values of bosutinib increased with increasing dose in a linear fashion when single, ascending oral doses of 200- to 800 mg bosutinib were administered with food to healthy subjects. At steady state (reached in approximately 15 days), Cmax and AUC values of bosutinib increased in a less than dose proportional manner between 500 and 600 mg taken with food in CML patients in a dose escalation study (see Table 8). The interpretation of bosutinib dose proportionality finding at steady state may be limited by small number of subjects and high interindividual variability. Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis in cancer patients, bosutinib is predicted to exhibit dose proportional increase over the dose range of 200 -600 mg with food.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS:
Special Populations and Conditions
Pediatrics (<18 years of age): The safety and efficacy of BOSULIF in patients less than 18 years of age have not been evaluated. No data are available.
Geriatrics (≥ 65 years of age): No clinically relevant age-related pharmacokinetic differences have been observed in the elderly. No specific dose recommendation is necessary in the elderly.
Hepatic Impairment: Metabolism of bosutinib is mainly hepatic. Clinical studies have excluded patients with ALT and/or AST >2.5 (or >5, if related to disease) x ULN range and/or bilirubin >1.5 x ULN range.
In a single-oral-dose study, BOSULIF (200 mg) administered with food was evaluated in a cohort of 18 hepatically impaired subjects (Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C) and 9 matched healthy subjects. Cmax of bosutinib in plasma increased 2.4-fold, 2-fold, and 1.5-fold, respectively, in Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C; and bosutinib AUC in plasma increased 2.3-fold, 2-fold, and 1.9-fold, respectively. The t1/2 of bosutinib increased 1.6-fold, 2.0-fold and 2.0-fold and CL/F decreased to 45, 50 and 52% in hepatic impaired patients (subjects (Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C) as compared to the healthy subjects (see CONTRAINDICATIONS; WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Special Populations; DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Dosing Considerations; ADVERSE REACTIONS and ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
Renal Impairment: In a dedicated renal impairment trial, a single dose of Bosulif 200 mg was administered with food to 26 non-CML subjects with mild, moderate or severe renal impairment and to 8 matching healthy volunteers. Renal impairment was based on CrCl (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula) of <30 mL/min (severe renal impairment), 30 ≤ CrCl ≤50 mL/min (moderate renal impairment), or 50 <CrCl ≤80 mL/min (mild renal impairment). Subjects with moderate and severe renal impairment had an increase in AUC over healthy volunteers of 35 % (90%CI: [-1.0, 85.0]) and 60% (90%CI: [16.0, 121.0]), respectively. Bosutinib exposure was not changed in subjects with mild renal impairment. Based on pharmacokinetic linearity, a daily dose of 400 mg in patients with moderate renal impairment and 300 mg in patients with severe renal impairment are predicted to result in an area under the concentration curve (AUC) that are 108% and 96%, respectively of the AUC seen in patients with normal renal function receiving 500 mg daily. The half-life (57, 55 and 57 hours) of bosutinib in subjects with mild, moderate and severe renal impairment was similar to its half-life (54 hours) in healthy subjects. CL/F values of bosutinib in healthy subjects and in subjects with mild, moderate and severe renal impairment were 3021, 2965, 2238 and 1892 mL/min.
Storage And Stability
Store at 20°C to 25°C .
Special Handling Instructions
Not Applicable.
Dosage Forms, Composition And Packaging
BOSULIF (bosutinib) 100 mg tablets:
Each 100 mg BOSULIF tablet contains 103.40 mg of bosutinib monohydrate, equivalent to 100 mg of bosutinib.
Yellow, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablet debossed with “Pfizer” on one side and “100” on the other.
Non-medicinal ingredients:
Croscarmellose sodium, iron oxide yellow, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, poloxamer, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, talc, and titanium dioxide.
BOSULIF (bosutinib) 400 mg tablets:
Each 400 mg BOSULIF tablet contains 413.60 mg of bosutinib monohydrate, equivalent to 400 mg of bosutinib.
Orange, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablet debossed with “Pfizer” on one side and “400” on the other.
Non-medicinal ingredients:
Croscarmellose sodium, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, poloxamer, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, talc, and titanium dioxide.
BOSULIF (bosutinib) 500 mg tablets:
Each 500 mg BOSULIF tablet contains 516.98 mg of bosutinib monohydrate, equivalent to 500 mg of bosutinib.
Red, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablet debossed with “Pfizer” on one side and “500” on the other.
Non-medicinal ingredients:
Croscarmellose sodium, iron oxide red, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, poloxamer, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, talc and titanium dioxide.
BOSULIF (bosutinib) tablets are available in the following packaging configurations (Table 12):
| *White opaque 3-ply Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/ACLAR/PVC blisters sealed with push-through foil backing | ||
Tablet Strength (mg) |
Package Configuration |
Tablet Description |
100 mg |
120 tablets per bottle |
Yellow, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablets, debossed “Pfizer” on one side and “100” on the other. |
28 tablets (2 blister packs* with 14 tablets each) |
||
400 mg |
30 tablets per bottle |
Orange, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablets, debossed “Pfizer” on one side and “400” on the other. |
28 tablets (2 blister packs* with 14 tablets each) |
||
500 mg |
30 tablets per bottle |
Red, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablets, debossed “Pfizer” on one side and “500” on the other |
28 tablets (2 blister packs* with 14 tablets each) |
||
Control #: 211317
10 December 2018